白云鄂博稀土混合精矿工艺矿物学研究  

Study on Process Mineralogy of Bayan Obo Rare Earth Bulk Concentrate

作　　者：张玲慧 孙俊燕 瞿瑞 李文博[1,2] 张小龙 ZHANG Linghui;SUN Junyan;QU Rui;LI Wenbo;ZHANG Xiaolong(School of Resources and Civil Engineering,Northeastern University,Shenyang 110819,China;National-local Joint Engineering Research Center of High-efficient Exploitation Technology for Refractory Iron Ore Resources,Shenyang 110819,China)

机构地区：[1]东北大学资源与土木工程学院,沈阳110819 [2]难采选铁矿资源高效开发利用技术国家地方联合工程研究中心,沈阳110819

出　　处：《有色金属（选矿部分）》2024年第5期55-62,72,共9页Nonferrous Metals（Mineral Processing Section）

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFC2905800);国家自然科学基金资助项目(52174242)。

摘　　要：目前白云鄂博稀土元素的提取主要采用重污染和高能耗的高温浓硫酸焙烧法,“三废”问题至今没有得到合理的解决,且钍元素作为一种伴生组分难以得到再回收利用。采用自动矿物分析仪、X射线衍射分析、扫描电镜分析、配分分析、光学显微镜等分析方法对白云鄂博稀土混合精矿的化学成分、矿物组成、粒度及嵌布特征等进行了工艺矿物学研究,结果表明,该稀土混合精矿REO品位为59.25%,主要稀土矿物由氟碳铈矿、独居石和氟碳钙铈矿组成,主要脉石矿物为磷灰石、萤石、黄铁矿和磁/赤铁矿。在矿物中主要分布的稀土元素为La、Ce、Pr、Nd、Sm、Gd。矿样中矿石-38μm粒级含量占95.92%,氟碳铈矿和独居石单体解离度均在55%以上,矿石整体嵌布特征较为复杂,稀土矿物与萤石和磷灰石的连生关系最为密切。为简化冶金工艺,高效提取稀土元素,提出了采用矿相转化后“浮少抑多”的方法分离氟碳铈矿和独居石的展望,为白云鄂博稀土混合精矿的合理开发应用提供新思路。At present,the extraction of rare earth elements in Bayan Obo mainly adopts the high temperature concentrated sulfuric acid roasting method with heavy pollution and high energy consumption.The problem of“three wastes”has not been solved reasonably,and thorium element is difficult to be recovered as an associated component.The chemical composition,mineral composition,particle size and dissemination characteristics of rare earth bulk concentrate in Bayan Obo has been studied by automatic mineral analyzer,X-ray diffraction analysis,scanning electron microscope analysis,partition analysis and optical microscope.The results show that the REO grade of the rare earth bulk concentrate is 59.25%.The main rare earth minerals are composed of bastnaesite,monazite and parisite,and the main gangue minerals are apatite,fluorite,pyrite and magnetite/hematite.The rare earth elements mainly distributed in minerals are La,Ce,Pr,Nd,Sm and Gd.In the ore sample,the partide fineness is 95.92%-38μm,and the liberation degree of bastnaesite and monazite is above 55%.The overall distribution characteristics of the ore are more complex,and the rare earth minerals are most closely related to fluorite and apatite.In order to simplify the metallurgical process and extract rare earth elements efficiently,the prospect of separating bastnaesite and monazite by the method of“floating less and inhibiting more”after mineral phase transformation has been put forward,which provides an innovation method for the rational development and application of Bayan Obo rare earth bulk concentrate.

关 键 词：白云鄂博稀土混合精矿 工艺矿物学 稀土矿物分离 嵌布特征 

分 类 号：TD912[矿业工程—选矿] TD954