人治下的法治:梁启超法治主义的憧憬与幻灭  

The rule of law under the rule of man:Longing and disillusionment of Liang Qichao's doctrine of rule of law

作　　者：段凡 DUAN Fan(School of Law,Zhongnan University of Economics and Law,Wuhan 430073,China)

机构地区：[1]中南财经政法大学法学院,湖北武汉430073

出　　处：《中南大学学报（社会科学版）》2024年第3期41-52,共12页Journal of Central South University：Social Sciences

基　　金：2022年度法治建设与法学理论研究部级科研项目“习近平法治思想的理论逻辑、历史逻辑与实践逻辑研究”(22SFB1002);2021年度湖北省教育厅哲学社会科学重点项目“习近平法治思想与全面依法治国研究”(21D001)。

摘　　要：梁启超的法治主义,是一种法政主张,以及促进中国近代民主与法治发展洪流产生的进步思想。梁启超的法治主义在中西方思想文化体系中穿行,奉行的是中西合璧的法治主义,是承载反专制思维和意识的法治主义,也是最终改弦更张地从反专制到求开明专制的法治主义。梁启超的开明专制论也可称为“人治下的法治”,本质上希望通过行人治的方式,实现一种训政下的法治;通过强势政治人物的法治意识觉醒以及威权统治手段,来实行法治;通过建立一套法律制度和法律运行体制机制,达到威权统治和保障人民权利并重的法政局面。人治下的法治,是一种美好的过渡时期的法治设想,也是一种美好的政治设想,只不过,这样一条法治主义之路,在当时根本不可能走得通。Liang Qichao's doctrine of rule of law is a kind of legal policy and a progressive thought that led to the development of democracy and rule of law in modern China.Liang Qichao's doctrine of rule of law runs through the ideological and cultural systems of China and the west.He pursues a rule of law that combines Chinese and Western ideas,and is also the rule of law that finally changes course from anti-despotism to enlightened despotism.Liang Qichao's enlightened despotism can also be called"rule of law under the rule of man",which hopes to achieve a rule of law under political overseeing through rule of man,and implement the rule of law through the awakening of the rule of law consciousness of powerful political figures and the means of authoritarian rule.The enlightened despotism also advocates achieving an authoritarian rule and the protection of people's rights and equal emphasis on the legal situation,by establishing a set of legal systems and institutional mechanisms for the operation of laws.The rule of law under the rule of man is not only a good idea of the rule of law in the transitional period,but also a good idea of politics.However,such a road of rule of law was absolutely impossible to take at that time.

关 键 词：梁启超 法治 人治 法治主义 

分 类 号：D909[政治法律—法学理论]