金沙江下游水温变化规律探讨  

Water Temperature Variations in Lower Jingsha River

作　　者：陈金凤 曾凌 李雨 刘秀林 CHEN Jin-feng;ZENG Ling;LI Yu;LIU Xiu-lin(Research Center of Changjiang Hydrology Technology,Bureau of Hydrology of Changjiang Water ReourcesCommission,Wuhan 430010,China)

机构地区：[1]长江水利委员会水文局长江水文技术研究中心,武汉430010

出　　处：《长江科学院院报》2024年第6期200-206,共7页Journal of Changjiang River Scientific Research Institute

摘　　要：采用长江上游的攀枝花、华弹、屏山、朱沱、寸滩5个水文站以及溪洛渡、向家坝坝前实测水温数据,分析了水温年内、年际变化特征以及沿程变化规律,并探讨了梯级水库运行对水温的影响。结果表明:5站月均水温最高值一般出现在7—8月份,最低值一般出现在1月份;受溪洛渡、向家坝水库的调蓄下泄低温水影响,坝后年平均水温、最高水温、最低水温均比坝前水温降低;溪洛渡坝后年平均水温较坝前平均低0.6℃,最高水温平均降低约3.5℃,最低水温平均降低约0.1℃。向家坝坝后年平均水温较坝前低0.6℃,最高水温平均降低约1.6℃,最低水温平均降低约0.2℃;坝下游屏山、朱沱、寸滩3个水文站建库后冬季水温上升,夏季水温降低,年平均水温比建库前升高,越靠近下游升高幅度越大;年最高水温比建库前降低,越靠近下游降低幅度越小;年最低水温总体呈现建库后比建库前水温升高的规律。In this study we examine the annual and interannual variations of water temperature and analyzes temperature trends along the river course,and particularly discuss the impact of cascade reservoir operations on water temperature based on measured data of natural water temperature in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River,including hydrological stations of Panzhihua,Huadan,Pingshan,Zhutuo,and Cuntan,as well as locations upstream of Xiluodu and Xiangjiaba dams.Results indicate that peak monthly mean water temperatures across the five stations typically occur in July and August,while the lowest temperatures are recorded in January.Affected by the release of colder water from the reservoirs,both annual mean and extreme temperatures downstream of dam are lower compared to those upstream.Downstream the Xiluodu Dam,temperatures are,on average,0.6 ℃ cooler than that upstream,and maximum temperatures are approximately 3.5 ℃ lower.Similarly,temperatures downstream the Xiangjiaba Dam are,on average,0.6 ℃ cooler with maximum temperatures around 1.6 ℃ lower.Notably,Pingshan,Zhutuo,and Cuntan stations experience water temperature rises in winter and decreases in summer.Furthermore,annual average water temperature after reservoir construction are higher than that before construction,with the magnitude intensifying downstream;annual maximum temperatures after reservoir construction are generally lower than those before construction,while the magnitude of decrease diminishes downstream.Conversely,annual minimum temperatures tend to be higher post-construction compared to pre-construction levels.

关 键 词：水温变化 实测水温 年平均水温 梯级水库 溪洛渡水库 向家坝水库 金沙江下游 

分 类 号：TV211[水利工程—水文学及水资源]