热带作物秸秆覆盖对土壤质量及玉米产量和品质的影响  

Effects of Straw Mulching on Soil Quality,Corn Yield and Quality

作　　者：焦静[1,2,3] 黄小红 杜嵇华 李普旺 杨子明 李尊香 刘信鹏 宋书会 何祖宇 JIAO Jing;HUANG Xiaohong;DU Jihua;LI Puwang;YANG Ziming;LI Zunxiang;LIU Xinpeng;SONG Shuhui;HE Zuyu(South Subtropical Crops Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences,Zhanjiang,Guangdong 524091,China;Agricultural Products Processing Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences,Zhanjiang,Guangdong 524091,China;Zhanjiang Tropical Crop Straw Efficient Recycling Engineering and Technology Research Center,Zhanjiang,Guangdong 524091,China;Key Laboratory of Tropical Crops Nutrition of Hainan province,Zhanjiang Guangdong 524091,China)

机构地区：[1]中国热带农业科学院南亚热带作物研究所,广东湛江524091 [2]中国热带农业科学院农产品加工研究所,广东湛江524091 [3]湛江市热带作物秸秆高效循环利用工程技术研究中心,广东湛江524091 [4]海南省热带作物营养重点实验室,广东湛江524091

出　　处：《福建农业学报》2024年第3期259-265,共7页Fujian Journal of Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：海南省自然科学基金项目(520MS093);中国热带农业科学院基本科研业务费专项资金(1630062021011)。

摘　　要：【目的】探究甘蔗叶、菠萝茎叶等热带作物秸秆作为农业覆盖材料对土壤质量及玉米生长的影响,为热带作物秸秆废弃物资源化利用提供参考依据。【方法】以玉米为种植对象,采用田间小区对比试验,设置甘蔗叶覆盖(SLM)、腐熟甘蔗叶覆盖(RSLM)、菠萝茎叶覆盖(PLM)和富贵竹茎叶覆盖(FLM)4个处理,以塑料地膜覆盖(CK1)和无覆盖(CK2)为对照,研究不同秸秆覆盖对土壤pH、有机质、全氮、有效磷和速效钾的影响,以及对玉米产量和品质的影响。【结果】热带作物秸秆覆盖,与无覆盖相比,可以有效提升土壤pH、有机质、全氮、有效磷和速效钾含量,对提升土壤质量具有积极作用。富贵竹茎叶覆盖效果最显著,与塑料地膜覆盖相比,土壤pH提高9.01%,有机质提高6.42%,全氮提高17.59%,速效钾提高477.79%,有效磷含量低于塑料地膜覆盖,但差异不显著;与无覆盖相比,土壤pH提高22.22%,有机质提高21.63%,全氮提高24.51%,有效磷提高2.74%,速效钾提高389.38%。腐熟甘蔗叶和富贵竹茎叶覆盖可以显著提升玉米产量,其他秸秆覆盖对玉米产量和品质的影响均不显著。【结论】热带作物秸秆覆盖可以提升土壤质量、促进玉米增产,富贵竹茎叶覆盖在改良土壤方面的效果显著,腐熟甘蔗叶覆盖对于玉米增产有较好的促进作用。【Objective】Effects of spent straws of tropical plants used for mulching on farm soil and corn crop were studied.【Method】A field experimentation was conducted on designated plots applying sugarcane leaves mulching(SLM),decayed sugarcane leaves mulching(DSLM),pineapple leaves mulching(PLM),Fugui bamboo leaves mulching(FLM),or two controls of plastic film covering(CK1)and no mulching(CK2).Soil pH,organic matter,total N,available P,and available K as well as corn yield and quality of the plots were determined.【Result】All straw mulching increased pH,organic matter,total N,available P,and available K over CK2.Specifically,FLM increased pH by 22.22%,organic matter by 21.63%,total N by 24.51%,available P by 2.74%,and available K by 389.38%.In comparison with CK1,the increases were by 9.01%on pH,by 6.42%on organic matter,by 17.59%on total N,and by 477.79%on available K but an insignificant decline on available P.For the yield of corn crop,significant increases were observed with DSLM and FLM,but no significant effect on the others.【Conclusion】Mulching the corn field with tropical straws improved the soil properties,corn quality,and crop yield.FLM significantly upgraded the soil fertility,while RSLM enhanced the crop yield.

关 键 词：热带作物秸秆 地面覆盖 土壤质量 玉米产量 资源化利用 

分 类 号：S626.2[农业科学—园艺学]