一株马铃薯干腐病生防菌的鉴定及其抑菌活性研究  

Identification of a biocontrol bacterium against potato dry rot and its antibacterial activity

作　　者：吴慧芳 蒙耀 石晖琴 魏琳 沈硕[1] WU Huifang;MENG Yao;SHI Huiqin;WEI Lin;SHEN Shuo(Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau,Ministry of Education,Key Laboratory of Potato Breeding in Qinghai Province,Engineering Research Center of Northwest Potato,Ministry of Education,Qinghai Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences,Qinghai University,Xining 810016,China)

机构地区：[1]青海大学,青海省农林科学院,青藏高原生物技术教育部重点实验室,青海省马铃薯育种重点实验室,西北马铃薯教育部工程研究中心,西宁810016

出　　处：《植物保护》2024年第3期111-120,共10页Plant Protection

基　　金：青海省应用基础研究(2023-ZJ-702);2022年度青海省“昆仑英才·高端创新创业人才”培养领军人才(2022)。

摘　　要：镰孢菌引起的马铃薯干腐病是影响马铃薯贮存期间产量与品质的重要病害之一。寻找高效低毒的防治马铃薯干腐病的生防药剂对提高马铃薯的产量与质量具有重要意义。本研究以腐皮镰孢Fusarium solani为病原菌,测定分离自马铃薯块茎的菌株2-1-9-CJK-2的抑菌活性。该菌株发酵液、无菌发酵液、菌悬液、胞内组分以及挥发性有机物对腐皮镰孢均具有抑菌活性,抑制率分别为93.37%、61.92%、80.82%、44.01%和49.16%。结合形态学、生理生化特征和多基因系统发育树构建鉴定其为贝莱斯芽胞杆菌Bacillus velezensis。马铃薯切片试验和马铃薯块茎试验表明,当菌株发酵液浓度为1×10^(9)cfu/mL时,对病原菌的抑制效果最好。除此之外,菌株可以分泌蛋白酶、淀粉酶、纤维素酶,具有溶磷能力和生物膜形成能力,但不具有溶血性,并且对供试的其他6种病原真菌有较强的抑菌活性。研究表明贝莱斯芽胞杆菌2-1-9-CJK-2抑菌谱广,具有生物安全性,对腐皮镰孢有较强的抑菌活性,在植物病害防治中具有一定的应用潜力,可为马铃薯干腐病生防制剂的开发奠定基础。Potato dry rot caused by Fusarium is one of the important diseases affecting both the yield and quality of potato during storage.Finding highly efficient and low-toxicity biocontrol agents to control potato dry rot holds great significance in improving the yield and quality of potato.In this study,the antifungal activity of strain 2-1-9-CJK-2 isolated from potato tubers against Fusarium solani was determined.The results revealed that various components of the strain,including the fermentation broth,sterile fermentation broth,bacterial suspension,intracellular components,and volatile organic compounds,exhibited notable antifungal activity against F.solani,with an inhibition rate of 93.37%,61.92%,80.82%,44.01%and 49.16%,respectively.A combination of morphological,physiological,and biochemical characteristics,along with multi-gene phylogenetic analysis,it was identified as Bacillus velezensis.Antifungal test using potato slice and tubers showed that the optimal control effect was achieved when the concentration of the fermentation broth was 1×10^(9)cfu/mL.In addition,the strain could secrete proteases,amylases,and cellulases,has along with the ability to dissolve phosphate and form biofilm,but it lacked hemolysis activity and displayed strong antifungal activity against six other pathogenic fungi.These results showed that B.velezensis 2-1-9-CJK-2 had a broad antifungal spectrum,biosafety,and strong antifungal activity against F.solani.Our study suggests its potential application in the prevention and control of plant diseases,thereby laying a foundation for the development of biocontrol agents for potato dry rot.

关 键 词：马铃薯干腐病 腐皮镰孢 贝莱斯芽胞杆菌 生物防治 

分 类 号：S476[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]