15种杀菌剂对异色瓢虫的影响  

Effects of fifteen fungicides to Harmonia axyridis

作　　者：吕佳 赵战马 徐晞晟 蒲占湑[1] 朱莉 鹿连明[1] 刘顺民 陈国庆[1] 黄振东[1] LÜJia;ZHAO Zhanma;XU Xisheng;PU Zhanxu;ZHU Li;LU Lianming;LIU Shunmin;CHEN Guoqing;HUANG Zhendong(Citrus Research Institute of Zhejiang Province,Taizhou 318000,China;Taizhou City Agricultural Means of Production Co.,Ltd.,Zhejiang Province,Taizhou 318000,China)

机构地区：[1]浙江省柑橘研究所,台州318000 [2]浙江省台州市农资股份有限公司,台州318000

出　　处：《植物保护》2024年第3期327-332,349,共7页Plant Protection

基　　金：国家现代农业(柑橘)产业技术体系(CARS-27);科技对口支援和东西部协作项目(2023C04014);浙江省科技新成果推广项目(tg2022020)。

摘　　要：异色瓢虫Harmonia axyridis(Pallas)是一种重要的天敌昆虫,在田间应用时常会受到施用药剂的影响。为了解浙江地区常用杀菌剂对异色瓢虫的影响,本文选用该地区田间15种常用杀菌剂,采用喷雾法,在实验室条件下测定了其对异色瓢虫2龄和4龄幼虫、蛹以及成虫的影响。结果显示:不同杀菌剂对异色瓢虫不同虫态有不同程度的影响,但大多数杀菌剂对异色瓢虫相对安全。60%唑醚·代森联WG、50%异菌脲SC、99%矿物油EC、43%氟菌·肟菌酯SC、42.4%唑醚·氟酰胺SC对异色瓢虫2龄幼虫影响较大,其中42.4%唑醚·氟酰胺SC对异色瓢虫2龄幼虫影响最大,平均校正死亡率最高达到93.22%。30%氧氯化铜SC、1亿cfu/g枯草芽孢杆菌CG、0.5%几丁聚糖AS、42.4%唑醚·氟酰胺SC、40%噻唑锌SC对异色瓢虫蛹有一定程度的影响,其中40%噻唑锌SC对异色瓢虫蛹的影响最大,平均校正死亡率达到31.04%。试验的15种杀菌剂对异色瓢虫4龄幼虫和成虫相对安全,平均校正死亡率皆小于21%。从安全性考虑,当异色瓢虫处于2龄幼虫阶段时,不建议使用60%唑醚·代森联WG、50%异菌脲SC、99%矿物油EC、43%氟菌·肟菌酯SC、42.4%唑醚·氟酰胺SC。当异色瓢虫处于4龄幼虫、蛹和成虫时,15种供试杀菌剂都比较安全,使用时可选用对其影响较小的杀菌剂。Harmonia axyridis(Pallas)(Coleoptera:Coccinellidae)is an important natural enemy,and its application in the field is often affected by the pesticides.To clarify the effects of commonly used fungicides on H.axyridis in Zhejiang area,the effects of fifteen fungicides on the second-instar larvae,the fourth-instar larvae,pupae and adults of H.axyridis were examined by spray method under laboratory conditions.The results showed that different fungicides had different effects on different stages of H.axyridis,and most of the fungicides were relatively safe to H.axyridis.Pyraclostrobin·metiram 60%WG,iprodione 50%SC,petroleum oil 99%EC,fluopyram·trifloxystrobin 43%SC and pyraclostrobin·fluxapyroxad 42.4%SC had high effects on the second-instar larvae of H.axyridis,and pyraclostrobin·fluxapyroxad 42.4%SC had the highest effect on the second-instar larvae of H.axyridis,with average corrected mortality of 93.22%.Copper oxychloride 30%SC,Bacillus subtilis 1×108 cfu/g CG,chltosan 0.5%AS,pyraclostrobin·fluxapyroxad 42.4%SC and zinc thiazole 40%SC had some effects on the pupae of H.axyridis,among which zinc thiazole SC 40%had the highest effect on the pupae of H.axyridis,with average corrected mortality of 31.04%.In general,the tested fifteen fungicides were relatively safe to the fourth-instar larvae and adults of H.axyridis,and the average corrected mortality was less than 21%.Considering the safety of fungicides to H.axyridis,it is not recommended to use pyraclostrobin·metiram 60%WG,iprodione 50%SC,petroleum oil 99%EC,fluopyram·trifloxystrobin 43%SC,pyraclostrobin·fluxapyroxad 42.4%SC when it is at the second-instar stage.The fifteen tested fungicides were all safe to the fourth-instar larvae,pupae and adults of H.axyridis,and the one with little effect could be used.

关 键 词：杀菌剂 异色瓢虫 安全性 

分 类 号：S476.2[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治] S482[农业科学—植物保护]