废弃铅锌矿区水系沉积物中优先污染物的源定量识别与控制  

Source quantitative identification and control for preferential contaminants in stream sediments from an abandoned lead/zinc mine

作　　者：曹杰 郭朝晖 徐锐 蔡文君 肖细元 CAO Jie;GUO Zhao-hui;XU Rui;CAI Wen-jun;XIAO Xi-yuan(School of Metallurgy and Environment,Central South University,Changsha 410083,China)

机构地区：[1]School of Metallurgy and Environment,Central South University,Changsha 410083,China

出　　处：《Journal of Central South University》2024年第4期1107-1120,共14页中南大学学报（英文版）

基　　金：Projects(2019YFC1803600,2018YFC1800400)supported by the National Key R&D Program of China。

摘　　要：水系沉积物是废弃金属矿区中重要的污染汇之一。本研究采用正定矩阵因子分解(PMF)、随机森林(RF)和模糊层次分析法(FAHP)相组合的方法,识别了某废弃铅锌矿区水系沉积物中砷(As)、镉(Cd)、锑(Sb)和铊(Tl)的来源归属。结果表明,PMF-RF-FAHP组合方法可以定量识别金属源。矿区水系沉积物的主要污染源为选矿区,其次是采矿区。矿区水系沉积物中金属迁移受地表水流的影响,上游的选矿区是尾矿区、河岸带和固废填埋场水系沉积物污染来源区域。矿区水系沉积物As、Cd、Sb和Tl污染严重,其含量均超过我国水系沉积物的背景值,且水系沉积物和土壤中As、Cd、Sb和Tl的来源相似度超过60%。调查区域中,选矿区分别占As、Cd和Sb污染来源的48%、82%和78%,而采矿区占Tl污染来源的94%。本研究为确定高As和Cd含量等金属矿区污染源提供了一种新的定量方法,可为金属矿区工业化过程或废弃后追踪金属污染和促进区域环境管理提供理论支撑。Sediment is an important sink for metals within mining environments.This study employs a combination of positive matrix factorization(PMF),random forest(RF)and fuzzy analytic hierarchy process(FAHP)to investigate the source attribution and released effects of toxic elements in stream sediments originating from an abandoned lead/zinc mine.The results show that the integrated PMF-RF-FAHP approach allows for the quantitative identification of metal sources and the prioritization of control measures within the mine.The primary source of contamination in the mine stream sediments was identified as the toxic elements releasing from the ore sorting area,followed by contributions from the mining area.The transport of toxic elements from mine into stream sediments is influenced by surface water flows,of which the upstream ore sorting area is an important factor to the contamination of the tailings area,riparian zone and hazardous waste landfills.The levels of main toxic elements,such as As,Cd,Sb,and Tl in stream sediments significantly exceed the background values for stream sediments in China,respectively.The similarities in sources for As,Cd,Sb and Tl in both soils and sediments exceeded 60%.The ore sorting area accounted for 48%of As,82%of Cd and 78%of Sb contamination,while the mining area accounted for 94%of Tl contamination.This study presents a valuable methodology for pinpointing pollutant sources in mines rich in toxic elements like As and Cd.It is valuable and helpful to provide insights into tracing metal contamination and facilitating regional environmental management,both during mine industrialization and after abandonment.

关 键 词：水系沉积物 有毒金属 溯源技术 污染物优先级 优先控制区 

分 类 号：P61[天文地球—矿床学]