舰船居住舱室火灾模拟与烟气特性研究  

Fire Simulation and Smoke Characteristic Analysis of Ship Living Quarters

作　　者：李坤[1] 李奇 段文利 崔永龙 魏帅举 谢志豪 LI Kun;LI Qi;DUAN Wen-li;CUI Yong-long;WEI Shuai-ju;XIE Zhi-hao(China Shipbuilding and Marine Engineering Design and Research Institute,Shanghai 200011,China)

机构地区：[1]中国船舶及海洋工程设计研究院,上海200011

出　　处：《价值工程》2024年第16期141-145,共5页Value Engineering

摘　　要：舰船居住舱室存在较高的火灾风险,研究火灾发生后的烟气填充及分布特性对舰船消防具有重要的工程应用价值。本文以某一舰船居住舱室为研究对象,运用FDS软件、数据后处理软件对火灾中的流体运动进行了仿真模拟及计算分析。结果表明:尺寸大小为2m×1.5m的衣物及被褥在住舱内(约4m×4.4m×2.4m)的燃烧时间约125s,在105s时燃烧最剧烈,并根据模拟结果总结出了密闭居住舱室发生火灾后烟气的变化规律;燃烧结束时,火焰中心附近以及舱室顶部区域的烟气浓度较低,其他空间烟气浓度较为接近,且随高度增加浓度降低,距底面0~0.6m的高度上的舱壁处烟气浓度最高,CO、CO_(2)质量比率分别达到约0.00036kg/kg、0.12kg/kg;烟气层高度随着火灾发生迅速降低,燃烧结束时几乎接近0,大约200s后有所回升。这些结果对指导舰船消防及舰员逃生具有重要意义。There is a high risk of fire in ship cabins,studying the smoke filling and distribution characteristics after a fire has important engineering application value for ship firefighting.This article takes the living quarters of a certain ship as the research object,and uses FDS software and data post-processing software to simulate and calculate the fluid movement in a fire.The results show that:the combustion time of clothes and bedding with the size of 2m×1.5m in the living quarters(about 4m×4.4m×2.4m)is about 125s,and the combustion is most intense at 105s.According to the simulation results.The variation law of smoke after the fire in the closed living quarters is summarized.At the end of combustion,the smoke concentration near the center of the flame and the top area of the cabin is relatively low,while the smoke concentration in other spaces is relatively close,and the concentration decreases with increasing height.The smoke concentration is the highest at the height of 0~0.6m from the bottom surface,and the mass ratio of CO and CO_(2)reaches about 0.00036kg/kg and 0.12kg/kg respectively.The height of the smoke layer decreases rapidly with the occurrence of the fire,and almost approaches 0 at the end of combustion,and rises somewhat after about 200s.These results are of great significance for guiding the ship's firefighting and crew's escape.

关 键 词：居住舱室 火灾模拟 烟气浓度 烟气分布 

分 类 号：U664.88[交通运输工程—船舶及航道工程]