叶面喷施微生物制剂对苹果树体生长、果实表型性状和叶片营养元素的影响  

Effects of Foliar Spraying of Microbial Agents on Growth of Apple Trees,Phenotypic Traits of Apple Fruit and Leaf Nutrient Elements

作　　者：鄢阳 YAN Yang(Suiping Energy Workstation,Suiping 463100,China)

机构地区：[1]遂平县能源工作站,河南遂平463100

出　　处：《江西农业学报》2024年第4期67-71,共5页Acta Agriculturae Jiangxi

基　　金：农业农村部“十四五”国家科研支撑计划重点课题“乡村振兴背景下农业经济管理的有效路径探索”(NCNYB05626)。

摘　　要：为了分析叶面喷施微生物制剂对苹果树体生长、苹果果实表型性状和叶片营养元素的影响,设置了3种常用微生物制剂(T_(1):巨大芽孢杆菌菌剂、T_(2):枯草芽孢杆菌剂、T_(3):密旋链霉菌剂),分别按照不同剂量(10、20、30 g/667 m^(2))进行叶面喷施,对比分析了不同微生物制剂在不同施用剂量下对苹果生长、果实及营养指标的影响。结果表明:当T_(1)微生物菌剂的施用剂量为20 g/667 m^(2)时,苹果树冠径、干径、新梢长度、新梢粗度、百叶鲜重、百叶干重等树体的生长情况最佳;当T_(1)微生物制剂的施用剂量为20、30 g/667 m^(2)时,苹果果实单果重、果实横径、果实纵径、果柄粗度等表型性状指标较高,而果柄长度较低;T_(1)、T_(3)微生物制剂的施用剂量为30 g/667 m^(2)时,苹果叶片中的N、P、K含量均较高,且前者的Ca和Mg含量更高;T_(2)微生物制剂在果树树体生长、果实表型性状和叶片营养元素含量方面均低于T_(1)、T_(3)微生物制剂。综上,巨大芽孢杆菌菌剂的施用效果在3种微生物菌剂中最为理想,最佳施用剂量为20 g/667 m^(2)。The aim of this study was to analyze the effects of foliar spraying of microbial preparations on the growth of apple trees,phenotypic traits of apple fruits and leaf nutrients.Three commonly used microbial preparations(Bacillus gigantium,Bacillus subtilis and Streptomyces compactis)were set up,namely,T_(1),T_(2)and T_(3).Leaf spraying was carried out according to different doses(10 g/667 m^(2),20 g/667 m^(2)and 30 g/667 m^(2)),and the effects of different microbial preparations on apple growth,fruit and nutrition indexes were compared and analyzed.The results showed that when the dose of T_(1)microbial agent was 20 g/667 m^(2),the tree body growth was the best,including crown diameter,dry diameter,shoot length,shoot thickness,fresh weight of louver and dry weight of louver.When the doses of T_(1)microbiological agents were 20 g/667 m^(2)and 30 g/667 m^(2),the single fruit weight,transverse diameter,longitudinal diameter and stalk diameter of apple fruit were higher,and stalk length was lower.The nutrient content of N,P and K apple leaves was higher when the application of T_(1)and T_(3)microbial was 30 g/667 m^(2),but the nutrient content of Ca and Mg apple leaves in the latter was lower than that in the former.T_(2)microbial preparation was lower than T_(1)and T_(3)in terms of tree growth,fruit phenotypic traits and leaf nutrient elements content.In conclusion,the application effect of Bacillus gigantium was the most ideal,and the optimal dosage was 20 g/667 m^(2).

关 键 词：微生物制剂 苹果 树体 果实 叶片营养元素 

分 类 号：S661.1[农业科学—果树学]