国外皮质文物考古分布与工艺特点研究  

Research on the archaeological distribution and technique characteristics of foreign leather artifacts

作　　者：孙鑫 杨海亮 周旸 SUN Xin;YANG Hailiang;ZHOU Yang(College of Textile Science and Engineering(International Institute of Silk),Zhejiang Sci-Tech University,Hangzhou 310018,China;China National Silk Museum,Hangzhou 310002,China)

机构地区：[1]浙江理工大学纺织科学与工程学院(国际丝绸学院),杭州310018 [2]中国丝绸博物馆,杭州310002

出　　处：《丝绸》2024年第6期149-158,共10页Journal of Silk

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFF0904100);浙江省文物局科技保护资金项目(2022001)。

摘　　要：皮质文物是全球化研究话题,历史比其他材质久远,国外皮质文物考古与研究丰富。文章通过了解国外皮质文物的坟墓与墓葬特点,梳理和分析皮质文物用途、皮质种类、鞣制工艺及出土状态等,皮质有机材料只有在厌氧、低温、极度干燥等特殊状态下保存。着重归纳四种鞣制工艺特点,基于国外皮质文物了解古代皮革鞣制发展,对鞣制工艺进行比较区分。以期为皮质文物保护与修复工作提供帮助,为厘清世界皮质文物发展特点,增强中国皮质文物国际化研究水平提供参考。As a global research topic,leather artifacts have been studied even longer than other materials.And the archaeology and research on them is more abundant in foreign countries.The technology of leather manufacturing,an ancient craft,has a long history almmost as long as the history of human civilization,and can be traced back to the Paleolithic Age.Therefore,the study of leather artifacts and their historical development is of great significance to the restoration and protection of leather artifacts.After reviewing earlier literature and books,this paper had a preliminary understanding of the unearthed situation and status of ancient leather abroad.With further reading,it finally analyzed and summarized the unearthed leather artifacts from nearly 39 regions of five continents.The structure of this paper is composed of three aspects:the situation of foreign leather artifacts,the characteristics of cultural relics and the leather tanning techniques.Firstly,it analyzed and summarized typical archaeological sites with abundant resources such as the Austrian salt mine,Danish marsh,Rome leatherfactories in Europe,Asia,Africa and so on,to understand the time,burial environment and uses of unearthed leather artifacts,so as to analyze the tanning process.Europe is rich in unearthed artifacts dating back to prehistoric times,including Iron Age hide fragments from the Italian ice fields,prehistoric hide fragmentsof shoes from the Swiss ice fields,and more than 200 Iron Age hides from the Hallstatt salt mine in Austria.The Pazyryk tombs of the Iron Age in the Altai Mountains of Asia provide important information for understanding the natural beast art style of the Altai Mountain areas.Egyptian leather,affected by the Nubian culture in Africa,is rich in colors and materials.Through reviewing the history and development of ancient leather in many areas,this paper further analyzed the tanning process,which could provide clues and information for the protection of ancient leather artifacts.Secondly,the ages of leather artifacts w

关 键 词：皮质文物分布 皮革 时代特点 皮质用途 鞣制工艺 鞣质 

分 类 号：TS543[轻工技术与工程—皮革化学与工程] K866.9[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]