凯里市黑线姬鼠种群繁殖特征动态分析  

A dynamic analysis of the reproductive characteristics of Apodemus agrarius population in Kaili City

作　　者：刘毅 杨通武 朱莲英 李贵发 LIU Yi;YANG Tongwu;ZHU Lianying;LI Guifa(Plant Protection and Quarantine Station of Kaili City,Kaili,Guizhou 556000,China)

机构地区：[1]贵州省凯里市植保植检站,贵州凯里556000

出　　处：《生物灾害科学》2024年第2期249-255,共7页Biological Disaster Science

基　　金：贵州省高层次创新型人才培养项目(黔科合人才[2015]4019号);遵义市首批市级人才基地项目(遵委[2019]69号)。

摘　　要：【目的】为摸清黑线姬鼠种群繁殖特征动态变化规律,给其种群数量预测预报及防控提供科学依据。【方法】以贵州省凯里市2011—2023年稻田区、旱地耕作区的黑线姬鼠为研究对象,采用夹夜法调查分析其性别比率、怀孕率、睾丸下降率、胎仔数以及繁殖指数时间变化规律。【结果】凯里市黑线姬鼠总体种群性比(♀/♂)为1.08,种群总性比符合1:1的关系,年度间和月份间性比存在一定差异。总体平均怀孕率为23.70%,年度间怀孕率在8.33%~55.56%,一年中种群主要怀孕期在4—5月和8—9月,怀孕率分别为64.00%~70.59%和39.13%~41.67%,呈现典型的双峰型曲线。总体平均胎仔数为5.38只,以5只最多,占总孕鼠数的34.00%。总体平均睾丸下降率为64.62%,年度间睾丸下降率在35.71%~100.00%,3—10月睾丸下降率维持在较高水平,睾丸下降率为68.75%~100.00%,月份间怀孕率与睾丸下降率呈同步变化趋势。总体平均繁殖指数为0.66,年度间繁殖指数在0.24~1.54,月份间繁殖指数在0.15~2.61,在4—5月和8—9月出现2个繁殖高峰,呈现典型的双峰型曲线。【结论】黑线姬鼠应列为凯里市主要监测防控对象,黑线姬鼠种群繁殖特征具有明显的月份变化规律,其防控最佳时期应选择每年4月和8月。[Objective]This study aimed to find out the dynamic changes of reproductive characteristics of Apodemus agrarius population,and to provide scientific basis for its population forecast as well as its scientific prevention and control.[Method]Taking A.agrarius in the paddy field and dry land farming areas in Kaili City,Guizhou Province,from 2011 to 2023 as the research object,the temporal variation law of sex ratios,pregnancy rates,testicular decline rates,litter sizes and reproductive indexes were investigated and analyzed by the night-clamping method.[Result]The overall population sex ratio(♀/♂)of A.agrarius in Kaili City was 1.08,which was in line with the relationship of 1:1,though there were some differences between years and months.The overall average pregnancy rate was 23.70%,and the annual pregnancy rate ranged from 8.33%to 55.56%.The main pregnancy periods in a year were April to May and August to September,and the pregnancy rates were 64.00%to 70.59%and 39.13%to 41.67%,respectively,showing a typical bimodal curve.The average fetal number was 5.38,of which 5 were the most,accounting for 34.00%of the total pregnant rats.The overall average testicular decline rate was 64.62%,and the annual testicular decline rate was between 35.71%and 100.00%.The testicular decline rate remained at a high level from March to October,showing 68.75%~100.00%.The monthly pregnancy rate and testicular decline rate showed a synchronous trend.The overall average reproductive index was 0.66,the annual reproductive index was 0.24~1.54,the monthly reproductive index was 0.15~2.61,and there were two reproductive peaks in April~May and August~September,showing a typical bimodal curve.[Conclusion]A.agrarius should be listed as the main monitoring and prevention object in Kaili City.The reproductive characteristics of A.agrarius population have obvious monthly changes,and the best prevention and control periods should be April and August every year.

关 键 词：黑线姬鼠 性比 怀孕率 胎仔数 睾丸下降率 

分 类 号：Q958.1[生物学—动物学] S443.3[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]