西北某重工业区降尘重金属污染特征及源解析  

Pollution Characteristics and Source Analysis of Heavy Metals in the Atmosphere Dustfall of a Typical Heavy Industrial City in Northwest China

作　　者：陈明 李名阅 周锦阳 付融冰[2] 王兴峰[3] 申哲民[1] CHEN Ming;LI Mingyue;ZHOU Jinyang;FU Rongbing;WANG Xingfeng;SHEN Zhemin(School of Environmental Science and Engineering,Shanghai Jiaotong University,Shanghai 200240,China;School of Environmental Science and Engineering,Tongji University,Shanghai 200092,China;Northwest Research Institute of Mining and Metallurgy,Baiyin 730999,China)

机构地区：[1]上海交通大学环境科学与工程学院,上海200240 [2]同济大学环境科学与工程学院,上海200092 [3]西北矿冶研究院,甘肃白银730999

出　　处：《环境科学与技术》2024年第2期155-164,共10页Environmental Science & Technology

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2019YFC1805201);国家自然科学基金:工业固废资源化利用及重金属固化机理研究(U21A20320,NSFC)。

摘　　要：为探究西北地区某重工业区典型气象下大气降尘重金属的污染特征及污染来源,作者采集研究区域内18个点位共54份有效降尘样品,分析了样品中重金属含量特征及空间分布特征,采用富集因子法和潜在生态风险指数法对研究区内重金属污染特征进行评估,并结合相关性分析和正定矩阵因子分析模型(PMF)解析了重金属污染来源。结果表明,采样期间研究区域内大气降尘中重金属Cd、Cr、Co、As、Mn、Ni、Cu、Pb、Zn的平均含量分别为118.05、931.69、20.53、905.29、1478.96、784.27、1012.10、3162.23和5751.61 mg/kg,均高于甘肃省土壤背景值;此外,空间污染特征上表现为工业区>城郊区>居民区的趋势,污染程度特征上表现为各功能区中从Cd、As、Pb、Ni、Cu和Zn的污染富集程度高,As、Cd和Co的潜在生态风险较大;重金属来源解析结果表明,大气降尘中重金属主要来源于土壤扬尘源(37.7%)、冶金工业源(31.2%)、工业加工混合源(13.5%)、交通源(10.1%)和燃煤源(7.6%)。In order to explore the pollution characteristics and sources of heavy metal elements in the atmospheric dustfall of a typical heavy industrial city in northwest China,54 effective dustfall samples were collected from 18 points in the study ar⁃ea.The enrichment factor method and potential ecological risk index method were utilized to evaluate the characteristics of heavy metal pollution.Subsequently the sources of heavy metal pollution were specified by the correlation analysis and posi⁃tive matrix factor analysis(PMF).The results showed that the average contents of heavy metal elements Cd,Cr,Co,As,Mn,Ni,Cu,Pb,Zn in the atmospheric dustfall samples were 118.05,931.69,20.53,905.29,1478.96,784.27,1012.10,3162.23,5751.61 mg/kg,respectively,which were all higher than the soil background values of Gansu Province.In addition,the spatial pollution characteristics showed a trend of industrial areas>suburban areas>residential areas,and the pollution degree charac⁃teristics showed a high concentration of Cd,As,Pb,Ni,Cu,and Zn in various functional areas,while the potential ecological risks of As,Cd,and Co were relatively high.The source analysis results showed that the heavy metals in the atmospheric dust⁃fall mainly come from dust sources(37.7%),metallurgical industry sources(31.2%),mixed sources(13.5%),transportation sources(10.1%)and coal sources(7.6%).

关 键 词：大气降尘 重金属 污染特征 来源解析 

分 类 号：X513[环境科学与工程—环境工程]