低蛋白质饲粮中添加益生菌对育肥猪生长性能、粪便菌群组成和代谢组特征的影响  

Effects of Low⁃Protein Diet Supplemented with Probiotics on Growth Performance,Fecal Microbiota Composition and Metabolome Feature of Finishing Pigs

作　　者：王四新[1] 季海峰[1] 刘辉[1] 张董燕[1] 王晶[1] 陈美霞 WANG Sixin;JI Haifeng;LIU Hui;ZHANG Dongyan;WANG Jing;CHEN Meixia(Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine,Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences,Beijing 100097,China)

机构地区：[1]北京市农林科学院畜牧兽医研究所,北京100097

出　　处：《动物营养学报》2024年第5期2886-2900,共15页CHINESE JOURNAL OF ANIMAL NUTRITION

基　　金：北京市农林科学院科技创新能力建设专项(KJCX20220422,KJCX20210426)。

摘　　要：本试验旨在探讨低蛋白质饲粮中添加益生菌对育肥猪生长性能、粪便菌群组成和代谢组特征的影响。选取平均体重为(80.56±0.45)kg的长×大育肥猪90头,随机分为3组,分别为对照组、试验Ⅰ组和试验Ⅱ组,每组3圈(重复),每圈10头(阉公猪与母猪各占1/2)。对照组饲喂含14%蛋白质的常规蛋白质饲粮,试验Ⅰ组饲喂含12%蛋白质的低蛋白质饲粮,试验Ⅱ组饲喂添加益生菌的低蛋白质饲粮(每千克低蛋白质饲粮中含2.0×10^(9)CFU乳酸菌和2.0×108CFU酿酒酵母)。预试期5 d,正试期42 d。结果显示:1)与对照组和试验Ⅰ组相比,试验Ⅱ组的平均日增重显著提高(P<0.05),料重比显著降低(P<0.05)。2)与对照组和试验Ⅱ组相比,试验Ⅰ组粪便中颤螺菌目、毛螺菌目、毛螺菌科、瘤胃球菌科、UCG-005、粪杆菌属、小杆菌属和福涅氏菌属的相对丰度显著降低(P<0.05),解纤维素菌属的相对丰度显著增加(P<0.05);试验Ⅱ组粪便中毛螺菌目、乳杆菌目和毛螺菌科的相对丰度显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。3)试验Ⅰ组与对照组、试验Ⅱ组与对照组以及试验Ⅰ组与试验Ⅱ组粪便样品间分别发现9、37和41种差异代谢物;不同组间差异代谢物的KEGG通路富集分析显示共有27条富集通路;与对照组和试验Ⅰ组相比,试验Ⅱ组粪便中5-羟基吲哚乙酸的表达量显著升高(P<0.05),肾上腺素的表达量显著降低(P<0.05);试验Ⅰ组粪便中N-乙酰-L-苯丙氨酸的表达量显著低于对照组和试验Ⅱ组(P<0.05);试验Ⅱ组粪便中L-谷氨酰胺、D-葡萄糖醛酸的表达量显著高于试验Ⅰ组(P<0.05)。4)与对照组相比,试验Ⅰ组和试验Ⅱ组粪便中总支链脂肪酸、总短链脂肪酸、氨氮和粪臭素含量显著减少(P<0.05);与试验Ⅰ组相比,试验Ⅱ组粪便中乙酸含量显著减少(P<0.05),丁酸含量显著增加(P<0.05)。综上所述,在低蛋白质饲粮中添加益生菌(乳酸菌和酿酒酵母)可改善育肥猪的肠�This experiment was conducted to study the effects of low⁃protein diet supplemented with probiotics on the growth performance,fecal microbiota composition and metabolome feature of finishing pigs.Ninety Landrace×Yorkshire crossbred finishing pigs with an average body weight of(80.56±0.45)kg were divided into three groups,they were control group,experimental groupⅠand experimental groupⅡ.Each group had 3 pens(replicates)and each pen had 10 pigs(barrow and sow in half).Pigs in the control group were fed a normal⁃protein diet containing 12% protein,those in the experimental groupⅠwere fed a low⁃protein diet containing 14%protein,and those in the experimental groupⅡwere fed the low⁃protein diet supplemented with probiotics(2.0×10^(9) CFU lactic acid bacteria and 2.0×108 CFU Saccharomyces cerevisiae per kg of the low⁃protein diet).The pre⁃test period lasted for 5 days,and the formal test period lasted for 42 days.The re⁃sults showed as follows:1)compared with the control group and experimental groupⅠ,the average daily gain was significantly increased(P<0.05),while the feed/gain ratio was significantly decreased in the experi⁃mental groupⅡ(P<0.05).2)Compared with the control group and experimental groupⅡ,the relative a⁃bundances of Oscillospirales,Lachnospirales,Lachnospiraceae,Ruminococcaceae,UCG⁃005,Faecalibacteri⁃um,Dialister and Fournierella were significantly decreased(P<0.05),while the relative abundance of Cellu⁃losilyticum was significantly increased in the experimental groupⅠ(P<0.05);compared with the control group,the relative abundances of Lachnospirales,Lactobacillales and Lachnospiraceae were significantly in⁃creased in experimental groupⅡ(P<0.05).3)There were 9,37 and 41 differential metabolites in fecal sam⁃ples between the experimental groupⅠvs.control group,the experimental groupⅡvs.control group,and the experimental groupⅠvs.experimental groupⅡ,respectively;the KEGG pathway enrichment analysis for different metabolites between groups obtained 2

关 键 词：低蛋白质饲粮 育肥猪 益生菌 生长性能 粪便菌群 代谢组 

分 类 号：S828[农业科学—畜牧学]