脐橙渣和甜叶菊渣微贮饲料对肉牛生长性能、血浆生化指标和粪便微生物多样性的影响  

Effects of Navel Orange Residue and Stevia Residue Microbial Silage Feed on Growth Performance,Plasma Biochemical Indices and Fecal Microbial Diversity of Beef Cattle

作　　者：操贤洪 邱静芸 连海 欧翔 吴丽娟 张强 陈荣强 施小生 雷小文 CAO Xianhong;QIU Jingyun;LIAN Hai;OU Xiang;WU Lijuan;ZHANG Qiang;CHEN Rongqiang;SHI Xiaosheng;LEI Xiaowen(Ganzhou Animal Husbandry and Fisheries Research Institute,Gannan Academy of Sciences,Ganzhou 341401,China;Xinfeng County Agriculture and Rural Bureau,Ganzhou 341699,China)

机构地区：[1]赣州市畜牧水产研究所,赣南科学院,赣州341401 [2]信丰县农业农村局,赣州341699

出　　处：《动物营养学报》2024年第5期3070-3081,共12页CHINESE JOURNAL OF ANIMAL NUTRITION

基　　金：江西省牛羊产业技术体系(JXARS-13);江西省高层次高技能领军人才培养工程(赣人社发[2022]34号);赣州市重点研发计划(赣市科发[2023]44号)。

摘　　要：本试验旨在研究脐橙渣和甜叶菊渣微贮饲料对肉牛生长性能、血浆生化指标和粪便微生物多样性的影响。选取24头健康状况良好、体重相近的22月龄西门塔尔杂交牛,随机分成4组,每组6头牛。对照组饲喂含30%微贮稻草的试验饲粮,试验Ⅰ组饲喂含6.0%微贮稻草和24%微贮甜叶菊渣的试验饲粮,试验Ⅱ组饲喂含6.0%微贮稻草和24%微贮脐橙渣的试验饲粮,试验Ⅲ组饲喂含6.0%微贮稻草、12%微贮甜叶菊渣和12%微贮脐橙渣的试验饲粮。预试期1周,正试期11周。结果表明:1)试验Ⅲ组的平均日增重显著高于对照组和试验Ⅱ组(P<0.05),料重比显著低于对照组和试验Ⅱ组(P<0.05)。2)试验Ⅲ组的血浆谷氨酸(Glu)、磷酸果糖激酶(PFK)和葡萄糖-6-磷酸脱氢酶(G6PDH)含量显著高于对照组和试验Ⅱ组(P<0.05),血浆尿素氮(UN)和丙酮酸激酶(PK)含量显著低于对照组和试验Ⅰ组(P<0.05)。3)在门水平上,试验Ⅲ组的粪便变形菌门(Proteobacteria)相对丰度显著高于其他3组(P<0.05),粪便厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)相对丰度显著低于其他3组(P<0.05)。在属水平上,试验Ⅲ组的粪便不动菌属(Acinetobacter)相对丰度显著高于其他3组(P<0.05),粪便UCG-005和另枝菌属(Alistipes)相对丰度显著低于其他3组(P<0.05),粪便理研菌科RC9肠道群(Rikenellaceae_RC9_gut_group)和UCG-010相对丰度显著低于对照组和试验Ⅰ组(P<0.05)。4)试验Ⅲ组的Faith_pd指数显著高于其他3组(P<0.05),Shannon指数和Simpson指数显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。试验Ⅲ组与对照组的Beta多样性有明显差异,并且对照组与其他3组在氨基酸代谢、能量代谢等功能方面有显著差异(P<0.05)。综上所述,饲粮中添加脐橙渣和甜叶菊渣混合微贮饲料能提高肉牛生长性能,改善血浆生化指标,改变肉牛粪便微生物群落Alpha多样性和Beta多样性,调节肉牛肠道微生物的消化和吸收功能。This study was conducted to explore the effects of navel orange residue and stevia residue microbial silage feed on growth performance,plasma biochemical indices and fecal microbial diversity of beef cattle.A total of 24 Simmental crossbred beef cattle at 22 months of age in good health and similar weight were random⁃ly divided into 4 groups with 6 cattle per group.The control group was fed the experimental diet contained 30%microbial silage rice straw,the experiment groupⅠwas fed the experimental diet contained 6.0%microbial si⁃lage rice straw and 24%microbial silage stevia residue,the experiment groupⅡwas fed the experimental diet contained 6.0%microbial silage rice straw and 24%microbial silage navel orange residue,and the experiment groupⅢwas fed the experimental diet contained 6.0%microbial silage rice straw,12%microbial silage stevia residue and 12%microbial silage navel orange residue.The pre⁃trial period was 1 week and the trial period was 11 weeks.The results showed as follows:1)the average daily gain of experiment groupⅢwas significantly higher than that of control group and experiment groupⅡ(P<0.05),and the feed to gain ratio was signifi⁃cantly lower than that of control group and experiment groupⅡ(P<0.05).2)The contents of glutamate(Glu),phosphofructokinase(PFK)and glucose⁃6⁃phosphate dehydrogenase(G6PDH)in plasma of experi⁃ment groupⅢwere significantly higher than those of control group and experiment group II(P<0.05),and the contents of urea nitrogen(UN)and pyruvate kinase(PK)in plasma were significantly low than those of control group and experiment group I(P<0.05).3)At the phylum level,the relative abundance of Proteobac⁃teria in feces of experiment groupⅢwas significantly higher than that of other three groups(P<0.05),and the relative abundance of Firmicutes in feces was significantly lower than that of other three groups(P<0.05).At the genus level,the relative abundance of Acinetobacter in feces of experiment groupⅢwere significantly higher than that of other th

关 键 词：脐橙渣 甜叶菊渣 肉牛 生长性能 血浆生化指标 微生物多样性 

分 类 号：S823[农业科学—畜牧学]