水钾复合处理对越夏基质培黄瓜秧苗形态及生理指标的影响  

Effects of water-potassium composite treatment on morphology and physiological indexes of cucumber seedlings grown on substrate in over-summer

作　　者：李宁[1] 刘颖 张振兴 徐琎 索梦舜 李青云[1] LI Ning;LIU Ying;ZHANG Zhenxing;XU Jin;SUO Mengshun;LI Qingyun(College of Horticulture,Hebei Agricultural University/Hebei Vegetable Industry Collaborative Innovation Center,Baoding 071001,China;Baoding Original Seed Farm,Baoding 071001,China)

机构地区：[1]河北农业大学园艺学院/河北省蔬菜产业协同创新中心,河北保定071001 [2]河北省保定市原种场,河北保定071001

出　　处：《河北农业大学学报》2024年第3期31-38,共8页Journal of Hebei Agricultural University

基　　金：河北省农业农村厅三期现代产业技术体系(HBCT2023100212);设施精品果蔬提质增效生产技术创新与示范(202206F011).

摘　　要：黄瓜(Cucumis sativus L.)是设施农业中种植面积最大的蔬菜种类之一,同时也是耗水量较大的蔬菜作物,世界范围的干旱问题日趋严重,水分的缺失使得大量的肥料不能被植物吸收利用,因而植株会出现各种缺肥症状。合理的水肥供应是作物高产高效的生产基础。本试验研究了3种灌溉下限(W60:基质田间持水量的60%;W70:基质田间持水量的70%;W80:基质田间持水量的80%)和3种施钾量(K0:0 mmol/L;K4:4 mmol/L;K8:8 mmol/L)对夏季高温期温室内种植的黄瓜营养生长期的生长发育、叶片光合特性、植株根系指标和植株生物量的影响。结果表明:W70K8处理更好的促进了黄瓜的生长,使其株高、茎粗、叶片数、节间长度和叶面积生长指标显著的增加。W70K8处理可以显著提高黄瓜叶片的叶绿素含量,叶绿素a、叶绿素b和类胡萝卜素含量均为最高。W70K8处理的黄瓜叶片净光合速率最高,为18.36μmol/(m^(2)·s)。W70K8处理显著促进了黄瓜的根系活力,根系活力为88.24μg TTF/(g·h)。综上,W70K8处理可以提高基质栽培黄瓜营养生长期的叶绿素含量、净光合速率、和各项生长指标,促进黄瓜生长发育。试验表明,在夏季设施基质栽培黄瓜营养生长期的适宜水钾耦合模式为:灌溉下限为基质田间持水量的70%,施钾浓度为8 mmol/L。Cucumber(Cucumis sativus L.)is one of the vegetable species with the largest planting area in facility agriculture,and it is also a vegetable crop that consumes a large amount of water.Worldwide drought is becoming more and more serious,and the lack of water prevents a large amount of fertiliser from being absorbed and used by the plants,and thus the plants will suffer from a variety of fertiliser deficiency symptoms.Reasonable water and fertiliser supply is required for high yield and high efficiency production of crops.In this experiment,we investigated the effects of three lower limits of irrigation(W60:60%of the substrate field holding capacity;W70:70%of the substrate field holding capacity;W80:80%of the substrate field holding capacity)and three potassium application rates(K0:0 mmol/L;K4:4 mmol/L;and K8:8 mmol/L)on the growth and development of cucumber planted in the greenhouse in the nutritive growth phase during the high temperature period in summer,including leaf photosynthetic characteristics,plant root indexes and plant biomass.The results showed that the W70K8 treatment improved the growth of cucumber.Significantly increases were found in plant height,stem thickness,number of leaves,internode length,leaf area growth indexes,and chlorophyll content of cucumber leaves,among which the contents of chlorophyll a,chlorophyll b reached the highest level.The net photosynthetic rate of cucumber leaves treated with W70K8 was the highest as 18.36μmol/(m·s).The highest net photosynthetic rate 18.36μmol/(m^(2)·s)was observed in cucumber leaves,and the root vigour significantly increased to 88.24μg TTF/(g·h).In conclusion,W70K8 treatment could improve the chlorophyll content,net photosynthetic rate,and growth indexes of cucumber during the nutritive growth period in substrate cultivation,to promote the growth and development of cucumber.The experiments showed that the appropriate water-potassium coupling mode for the nutritive growth period of cucumber cultivated on substrates in summer facilities is:70%of th

关 键 词：黄瓜 水钾互作 生长 光合作用 

分 类 号：S642.2[农业科学—蔬菜学]