果园生草及访花昆虫研究进展  

Research progress of orchard grass and flower-visiting insects

作　　者：贾钰莹 张甘雨 张婷婷[2] 陈珍珍[2] 孙瑞红[1] JIA Yuying;ZHANG Ganyu;ZHANG Tingting;CHEN Zhenzhen;SUN Ruihong(Shandong Institute of Polomogy,Tai’an 271000;Shandong Agricultural University)

机构地区：[1]山东省果树研究所,泰安271000 [2]山东农业大学

出　　处：《中国果树》2024年第4期7-16,22,共11页China Fruits

基　　金：山东省果树研究所青年基金(GSS2022QN07);山东省农业科学院农业科技创新工程(CXGC2023F21)。

摘　　要：针对果树栽培管理中存在的树冠郁闭、土壤酸化、生物多样性低、有益生物少、病虫害发生严重、化肥和农药使用量不断增加等突出问题,国内外开展了对果树行间生草技术的研究与生态评价。通过分析果园生草的种类选择、种植管理及其在果园土壤理化性质、杂草管理及有益生物引诱等方面的作用,结合访花昆虫多样性及其对果树产量和品质的影响,综合表明,果园生草技术不仅可以增强土壤有机质含量、平衡温湿度、提高果实产量和品质,还可以吸引访花昆虫为果树授粉和提高自然天敌数量有效控制害虫。从“生态优先、绿色防控”的角度出发,结合现代果树栽培管理与害虫防控,筛选本土野花、野草进行混合式生草,将更加有利于调控果园生态,节本增效。In view of the outstanding problems existing in the cultivation and management of fruit trees,such as canopy closure,soil acidification,low biodiversity,few beneficial insects,serious occurrence of pests and diseases,and increasing use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides,many experts at home and abroad have carried out research and ecological evaluation on the intercropping grass planting technology of fruit trees.Based on analysis the selection of orchards grass species,planting management and its effects on soil physicochemical properties,weed management and natural enemy attraction,combined with the diversity of flower-visiting insects and their effects on yield and quality of fruit trees,comprehensively obtain orchard grass technology not only can enhance soli organic matter content,balance temperature and hunmidity,increase fruit yield and quailty,but also can attract flower-visiting insects to pollinate fruit trees and enhance the number of natural enemies to effectively control pests.Through the above analysis and comparison,it is concluded that from the perspective of“ecological priority,green prevention and control”,combined with modern fruit tree pomiculture and pest control,selection local wild flowers and weeds for combined grass,will be more conducive to regulating orchard ecology,saving cost and increasing efficiency.

关 键 词：果园 生草技术 访花昆虫 访花行为 混合式生草 

分 类 号：S66[农业科学—果树学]