4种矮化自根砧对宫藤富士苹果抗盐性的影响  

Effects of 4 dwarfing rootstocks on high-salt resistance of‘Miyato Fuji’apple

作　　者：周佳 李兴亮[1] 李民吉[1] 周贝贝[1] 杨雨璋 张强[1] 魏钦平[1] 张军科[1] ZHOU Jia;LI Xingliang;LI Minji;ZHOU Beibei;YANG Yuzhang;ZHANG Qiang;WEI Qinping;ZHANG Junke(Institute of Forestry and Pomology,Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences/Beijing Engineering Research Center for Deciduous Fruit Trees,100093)

机构地区：[1]北京市农林科学院林业果树研究所,北京市落叶果树工程技术研究中心,100093

出　　处：《中国果树》2024年第4期23-28,44,共7页China Fruits

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(32372640);财政部和农业农村部:国家现代农业(苹果)产业技术体系(CARS-27)。

摘　　要：比较了盐胁迫对不同矮化自根砧宫藤富士苹果生长的影响,为土壤盐碱化地区苹果矮化自根砧木的选用与抗盐机理研究提供参考。以SH6、M9T337、G935、G114种矮化自根砧宫藤富士苹果2年生盆栽苗为试材,浇灌0.5%NaCl、1.0%NaCl溶液进行胁迫处理,以浇灌去离子水为对照,在持续处理60 d后调查盐害指数,测定生长、矿质元素含量等指标。结果表明:G11矮化自根砧宫藤富士植株盐害指数最高,其次为SH6矮化自根砧和M9T337矮化自根砧,G935矮化自根砧宫藤富士植株盐害指数最低,表现最为抗盐;盐胁迫下各矮化自根砧植株生长均受到显著抑制,生物量积累以G935矮化自根砧宫藤富士植株最高,G11矮化自根砧宫藤富士植株最低。在1.0%NaCl胁迫处理下,G11矮化自根砧富士叶片Na^(+)含量升高程度最大,为对照叶片的34.4倍;而G935矮化自根砧宫藤富士叶片Na^(+)含量升高程度最低,仅为对照叶片的2.4倍。4种矮化自根砧宫藤富士植株的抗盐性由强到弱依次为G935>M9T337>SH6>G11,抗盐矮化自根砧能够有效维持宫藤富士植株地上部低钠水平可能是其抗盐性形成的关键因素。The objective of this work is to provide references for the application of apple dwarfing rootstocks in soil salinization areas and high-salt resistance mechanism study,through the comparative analysis of effects of different dwarfing rootstocks on the growth of‘Miyato Fuji’apples under salt stress.In this study,2-year-old potted‘Miyato Fuji’apple plants grafted on four kinds of apple dwarfing rootstocks separately,were used as test materials.The control,0.5%NaCl and 1.0%NaCl solution stress treatments were processed for 60 days and then salt damage index,growth,mineral element contents and other indicators were investigated.The results showed that the‘Miyato Fuji’apple plants grafted on G11 dwarfing rootstock showed the highest salt damage index,followed by SH6 and M9T337,and the‘Miyato Fuji’apple plants grafted on G935 dwarfing rootstock performed the lowest salt damage index,suggesting the most high-salt resistance.Under salt stresses,the relative growth rates of all‘Miyato Fuji’apple plants were significantly inhibited,while the highest biomass accumulation was observed on those‘Miyato Fuji’apple plants grafted on G935 dwarfing rootstock,and‘Miyato Fuji’apple plants grafted on G11 dwarfing rootstock showed the lowest biomass.Besides,the mineral element detection of‘Miyato Fuji’apple leaves showed that under the 1.0%NaCl stress treatment,the‘Miyato Fuji’apple plants grafted on G11 dwarfing rootstock got the largest Na^(+)content increased for 34.4 times higher than its control.While the increasing degree of Na^(+)content in the‘Miyato Fuji’apple plants grafted on G935 dwarfing rootstock was the lowest with only 2.4 times higher than the control plants.Thus,we conclude that the high-salt resistance of Miyato Fuji'apple plants grafted on different dwarfingrootstocks are G935>M9T337>SH6>G11,and the ability of dwarfing rootstock to flectively maintain low sodium levels in the above ground may be the key factor in the high salt-resistance characteristic.

关 键 词：苹果 矮化自根砧 宫藤富士 盐胁迫 Na+运输 

分 类 号：S661.1[农业科学—果树学]