基于GIS的滇中地区人居环境适宜性评价  

EVALUATION OF HUMAN SETTLEMENTS ENVIRONMENTAL SUITABILITY IN CENTRAL YUNNAN REGION BASED ON GIS

作　　者：张雪[1] 刘璐 游珍[3] ZHANG Xue;LIU Lu;YOU Zhen(School of Geographical Sciences,Liaoning Normal University,Dalian 116029,Liaoning,China;School of Forestry,Northeast Forestry University,Harbin 150006,Heilongjiang,China;Institute of Geographic Sciences and Resources,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100101,China)

机构地区：[1]辽宁师范大学地理科学学院,辽宁大连116029 [2]东北林业大学林学院,黑龙江哈尔滨150006 [3]中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所,北京100101

出　　处：《云南地理环境研究》2024年第1期8-18,共11页Yunnan Geographic Environment Research

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目“自然资源资产负债表编制与资源环境承载力评价技术集成与应用”(2016YFC0503500).

摘　　要：科学评估人居环境适宜性,有助于城市可持续发展,实现人类活动与自然环境和谐共处。研究基于地理信息系统(GIS)技术,以1 km×1 km栅格为基本研究单元,构建了滇中地区地形、水文、植被、气候单要素和综合人居环境适宜性评价模型与标准,从空间上定量评价了滇中地区的人居环境适宜性空间分布特征。研究表明:(1)从自然单要素的适宜性评价结果来看,气候、水文和地被的适宜性评价结果均以比较适宜为主;而地形是该区域人居环境适宜性的主要限制要素,且在空间上分区比较破碎,以一般适宜地区为主,主要分布在区域的西部和北部。(2)从人居环境适宜性综合评价结果来看,整体的人居环境状况较好,空间上呈片状分布的特征,临界适宜和一般适宜地区区域点总面积的80%以上;昆明市的不适宜地区面积占比最高,高度适宜地区面积较小但多数分布在楚雄州,曲靖市整体的人居环境状况最好。(3)结合人口数量和密度空间分布数据来看,人口分布与人居环境适宜性在空间分布上存在较高一致性,滇中地区近90%的人分布在临界适宜、一般适宜和比较适宜地区。A rigorous evaluation of human settlement environmental suitability is pivotal for fostering urban sustainability and achieving equilibrium between human activity and natural ecosystems.Employing Geographic Information System(GIS)technology,this inquiry formulates both singular and holistic models for appraising habitat suitability,incorporating variables such as topography,hydrology,vegetation,and climate.Utilizing a 1km×1km grid as the foundational analytical entity,the research quantitatively ascertains the spatial distribution nuances of habitat amenability within Central Yunnan Region.The study reveals:(1)From the suitability evaluation results of natural single elements,the suitability evaluation results of climate,hydrology and ground cover are dominated by comparative suitability;while topography is the main limiting element of the suitability of the habitat in the region,and the spatial zoning is relatively fragmented,with general suitability areas dominating,mainly distributed in the western and northern parts of the region.(2)From the results of human settlement environmental suitability,the overall human settlement environmental is good,characterized by spatial patchy distribution,with more than 80% of the total area of critically suitable and generally suitable areas;Kunming City has the highest percentage of unsuitable areas,the highly suitable areas are smaller but most of them are distributed in Chuxiong Prefecture,and Qujing City has the best overall habitat condition.(3)Combined with data on population size and density distribution,there is a high degree of consistency in the spatial distribution of population distribution and habitat suitability,with nearly 90% of the people in the urban agglomerations distributed in the critical suitable,generally suitable and relatively suitable areas.

关 键 词：人居环境适宜性 人居环境指数 地理信息系统 滇中地区 

分 类 号：P96[天文地球—自然地理学] P951