实验室非洲猪瘟病毒感染途径与感染剂量研究现状  

Research Progress on Laboratory Infection Routes and Doses of African Swine Fever Virus

作　　者：戈胜强[1,2,3] 于家荣 初薛霏 韩秀琚 李瑞红[1] 谢昊飞[1] 屈海龙 赵永刚 任炜杰[1] 齐传翔[1] 包静月 李金明[1] 魏荣[1] 王志亮[1] Ge Shengqiang;Yu Jiarong;Chu Xuefei;Han Xinuju;Li Ruihong;Xie Haofei;Qu Hailong;Zhao Yonggang;Ren Weijie;Qi Chuanxiang;Bao Jingyue;Li Jinming;Wei Rong;Wang Zhiliang(China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center,Qingdao 266032,Shandong,China;Qingdao Key Laboratory of Modern Bioengineering and Anima1 Disease Research,Qingdao 266032,Shandong,China;Key Laboratory of Animal Biosafety Risk Warning Prevention and Control(South China),Ministry of Agriculure and Rural Affairs,Qingdao 266032,Shandong,China;Shandong Agriculture University,Tai'an 271018,Shandong,China)

机构地区：[1]中国动物卫生与流行病学中心,山东青岛266032 [2]青岛市现代生物工程及动物疫病研究重点实验室,山东青岛266032 [3]农业农村部动物生物安全风险预警及防控重点实验室(南方),山东青岛266032 [4]山东农业大学,山东泰安271018

出　　处：《中国动物检疫》2024年第5期50-58,共9页China Animal Health Inspection

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFD1800500)。

摘　　要：非洲猪瘟病毒(ASFV)可以通过直接、间接接触感染的猪只传播,感染途径多样,致病机制复杂。在ASFV研究特别是疫苗研究中,ASFV的感染途径和感染剂量尚无国际标准,这不利于研究工作的进一步开展,为此对国内外的ASFV感染途径和剂量研究进行了综述。研究中主要的感染途径包括口腔感染、鼻腔感染、口鼻同时感染、模拟同居感染、肌肉注射感染,其中口鼻接种是研究常用的感染途径。但由于口鼻接种存在的不确定性因素太多,目前大部分研究特别是疫苗的安全性和有效性评价研究以肌肉注射方式为主,其只需极少剂量就可以发生感染。在ASFV感染研究中,研究者设置了不同的攻毒剂量来评价疫苗的安全性和有效性,以选择出合适剂量更好地模拟临床感染,从而获得真实、合理的试验数据,得出可靠的试验结论。African swine fever virus(ASFV)could be transmitted through direct and indirect contact with infected pigs via various routes,with a complex pathogenic mechanism.In researches on ASFV,and particularly in vaccine development,the lack of international standards for infection routes and doses hampered further step of researches,to this end,domestic and international researches on ASFV infection routes and doses were reviewed.According to the available studies,major infection routes included oral infection,nasal infection,oral-nasal infection,simulated cohabitation infection and intramuscular injection infection,among which oral-nasal vaccination was commonly used.However,because of too many uncertainties associated with oral-nasal vaccination,most current researches,especially those evaluating the safety and efficacy of vaccines,were carried out through intramuscular injection,only a very few doses could cause infection.In the researches on ASFV infection,different challenge doses were set up by researchers to evaluate the safety and efficacy of vaccines for selecting an appropriate dose to better simulate clinical infection,so as to obtain true and reasonable experimental data and subsequently reliable conclusions.

关 键 词：非洲猪瘟 感染途径 感染剂量 

分 类 号：S851.3[农业科学—预防兽医学]