牛结节性皮肤病血清学检测方法研究进展  

Research Progress on Serological Detection Methods for Lumpy Skin Disease

作　　者：任炜杰[1] 邹艳丽[1] 刘春菊[1] 刘珊[1] 赵永刚[1] 李金明[1] 王志亮[1] Ren Wejie;Zou Yamli;Liu Chumju;Li Sban;Zhao Yonggang;Li Jinming;Wang Zhiliang(China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center,Qingdao 266032,Shandong,China)

机构地区：[1]中国动物卫生与流行病学中心,山东青岛266032

出　　处：《中国动物检疫》2024年第5期59-63,共5页China Animal Health Inspection

基　　金：中国动物卫生与流行病学中心创新基金项目(DW2022003)。

摘　　要：目前,牛结节性皮肤病对我国养牛业形成较大威胁。血清学方法是便捷、敏感、经济的牛结节性皮肤病检测方法,对于疫病及时发现与疫苗免疫效果评估至关重要。本文着重介绍了牛结节性皮肤病各类常用血清学检测方法的研究进展,分析了各方法的优缺点及适用场景。病毒中和试验(VNT)作为该病的抗体检测金标准,试验周期长,操作要求严格,在基层实验室无法使用,较适用于可疑病例确诊;酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)操作简单,反应时间短,适用于大批量样品检测,但蛋白抗原免疫机制研究不足,方法不够成熟;间接免疫荧光抗体试验(IFAT)敏感性较高,但特异性稍低,难以用于临床检测;免疫过氧化物酶单层试验(IPMA)可以检测一定规模的样品,但其结果需要单孔镜检,不如ELISA结果一目了然;免疫印迹试验(WB)可以鉴别副痘病毒,但操作繁琐,难以用于大批量检测。目前看,ELISA在牛结节性皮肤病临床血清学检测应用上有着绝对优势。今后需要加强牛结节性皮肤病病毒的基础研究,摸清各蛋白的免疫机制,筛选出有效、敏感的抗原,以建立适于基层大规模抗体检测的方法。Lumpy skin disease(LSD)has been posing a threat to China's cattle industry,which could be detected by serological methods that were convenient,sensitive and economic,and early detection and evaluation on vaccination effect were also crucial for disease control.In the paper,research progress on various common serological methods for detection of LSD was introduced,the advantages and disadvantages of each method as well as its applicable scenarios were analyzed.Viral neutralization test(VNT),as the gold standard for detecting antibodies against LSD virus,could not be used in the grassroots laboratories due to its long test period and strict operational requirements,but was more suitable for confirming suspected cases;Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)was appropriate for detection of large number of samples due to its accessibility and short reaction time,but the immune mechanism of antigens was less developed with immature methods;Indirect immunofluorescent antibody test(IFAT)was difficult for clinical detection due to its low specificity in spite of high sensitivity;Immunoperoxidase monolayer assay(IPMA)could be used to detect certain samples,but the results were subject to single-hole microscopy,which was not as clear as those by ELISA;Western blotting(WB)could identify parapoxviruses,but couldn't be used in detection large quantities of samples due to its cumbersome operation.In a word,ELISA was superior in clinical serological detection of LSD.Basic researches on LSD virus should be improved in the future to clarify the immune mechanism of each protein,and to screen out effective and sensitive antigens,so as to establish a method for detection of large quantities of samples at the grassroots level.

关 键 词：牛结节性皮肤病 山羊痘病毒 绵羊痘病毒 血清学检测 

分 类 号：S852.65[农业科学—基础兽医学]