试论保险代位权与求偿权的法律性质  

On the Legal Nature of Insurance Subrogation and Claim Rights

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作  者:周玉华 Zhou Yuhua

机构地区:[1]北京外国语大学法学院

出  处:《政法论坛》2024年第3期147-156,共10页Tribune of Political Science and Law

基  金:教育部社科基金规划项目“民法典实施背景下保险法的变革与重述”(23YJA820035)的阶段性成果。

摘  要:代位制度是传统民法中一项古老的重要制度。代位分为主体代位(人的代位)和客体代位(物上代位)两种,人的代位又有清偿代位、保证代位、债权代位之分。虽均名为代位,但清偿代位与保证代位这两者与债权代位存在本质差异,如不仔细辨析极易混淆。现行保险法中的保险人代位求偿权、履约保证保险中的保险人赔偿后对其他担保人的追偿权、受害第三人直接请求权这三项权利的法律属性一直存在争论,前述三项权利分别与清偿代位(《民法典第524条》)、保证代位(《民法典》第700条)和债权代位(《民法典》第535条)全部契合。民法代位制度能够诠释保险代位权与求偿权的法律性质和权利本源,构建了民法和保险法之间新的纽带。The system of substitution is an ancient and important system in traditional civil law.Subrogation can be divided into two types:subject substitution(human substitution)and object substitution(material substitution).Human substitution can be further divided into repayment substitution,guarantee substitution,and creditor's substitution.Although both are called subrogation,there is an essential difference between subrogation for repayment and subrogation for guarantee,which can be easily confused if not carefully considered.This article compares and finds that the insurer's subrogation right,the credit guarantee insurer's right to recover from other guarantors,and the right to directly claim from the injured third party are respectively related to subrogation for settlement(Article 524 of the Civil Code)Ensure that subrogation(Article 700 of the Civil Code)and creditor's subrogation(Article 535 of the Civil Code)are fully compatible.The civil law subrogation system can perfectly interpret the legal nature and origin of insurance subrogation and claim rights,and construct a new link between civil law and insurance law.

关 键 词:清偿代位 保证代位 债权代位 保险代位权 求偿权 

分 类 号:D922.284[政治法律—经济法学] D923[政治法律—法学]

 

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