必然情态副词动结式原型框架假设  

Verb Resultative prototype construction hypothesis on modal adverbs of certainty

作　　者：张慧[1,2] 张京鱼 Zhang Hui;Zhang Jingyu

机构地区：[1]西安外国语大学研究生院 [2]西安外国语大学英文学院 [3]西安明德理工学院语言文化传播学院 [4]终南书院/西安外国语大学英文学院

出　　处：《外语教学》2024年第3期39-44,共6页Foreign Language Education

基　　金：西安外国语大学研究生科研基金项目“关中方言必然类情态副词研究”(项目编号:2021BS004)的阶段性研究成果。

摘　　要：“一定”在关中渭南方言中的对应表达是“靠呆[?ai]”,而“靠呆”实属VR动结式,既表必然义,又保留空间方位“靠定不位移”义,虚实兼备。文章提出必然情态副词“靠呆”VR动结式原型框架假设,证明“靠呆”是“一定”的源头。“靠”先经同义变换为“倚/依”,再由同音演化为“一”,而“呆”同义替换为“定”。“靠呆”从“空间方位不位移”的“空间方位不变”泛化为广义之“不变”,进而演化为必然义。“空间方位不位移性”为必然情态认知源头,是空间到时体态(TAM)映射语法化的体现。In Weinan(in Central Shaanxi)dialect,yiding(一定)could be replaced by kaonai(靠呆),which takes VR(Verb Resultative Compound)as its basic form,carrying both literal meaning"to lean on stably,without motion",and the bleached meaning of certainty.We propose Kaonai(靠呆)VR Prototype Construction,and argue that yiding(一定)derives from kaonai(靠呆).Kao(靠),which undergoes synonymic and homonymic replacement,evolves into yi(一)via yi(依/倚),while pai(呆)is replaced by synonyms like ding(定).Kaonai(靠呆)s literal meaning"to lean on stably,without motion”develops into"invariant",and further into"certainty".Spatial/locative stability is both the origin of certainty and manifestation of the grammaticalization path from space to TAM.

关 键 词：必然情态 一定 靠呆 动结式原型框架 语法化 

分 类 号：H030[语言文字—语言学]