“破溃点”——尸体腐败过程中腹腔自然破裂时刻的实验研究  

Rupture-A symbolic timing point of the natural abdominal rupture during cadaver decay

作　　者：赵兴春 杨帆 胡胜 聂昊 范佳佳 彭真 张更谦[2] 桂鹏 钟增涛[3] Zhao Xingchun;Yang Fan;Hu Sheng;Nie Hao;Fan Jiajia;Peng Zhen;Zhang Gengqian;Gui Peng;Zhong Zengtao(Institute of Forensic Science,Beijing 100038,China;School of Forensic Medicine,Shanxi Medical University,Taiyuan 030001,China;College of Life Sciences,Nanjing Agricultural University,Nanjing 210095,China)

机构地区：[1]公安部鉴定中心,北京100038 [2]山西医科大学法医学院,山西太原030001 [3]南京农业大学生命科学学院,江苏南京210095

出　　处：《中国法医学杂志》2024年第1期68-74,共7页Chinese Journal of Forensic Medicine

基　　金：公安部科技强警基础工作专项项目(2023JC17);中央公益院所基本科研业务费(2023JB001)。

摘　　要：目的本文聚焦腐败这一重要晚期尸体现象,以期找到更客观的晚期尸体现象关键事件或特征节点,为准确评估尸体腐败程度、进而推断死亡时间(PMI)提供有力依据。方法本研究通过对晚期尸体现象进行观测,对尸体腐败过程中肠道和尸坑土微生物菌群结构变化,以及尸坑土理化性质的检测,从宏观和微观两个层面,分析尸体腐败过程中腹腔自然破裂这一关键事件发生的时刻前后变化。结果研究发现尸体腹腔自然破裂前后,腐败现象和相关微生物菌群结构以及环境理化性质三方面均有显著差异,且可观测性强,可以通过法医学观察、生物学和理化相关检测手段准确判断。本研究将这一关键事件发生时刻命名为“破溃点”。结论本文认为“破溃点”可以作为法医实践中尸体腐败程度评估的重要节点,也可以作为基于微生物菌群结构变化等表征构建PMI推断模型时的分界点,分段构建模型以提升PMI推断模型的准确度。Objective Corruption is the most common cadaver phenomenon in forensic practice and an important basis for inferring time of death(PMI),but the definition of corruption degree and the construction of model inference models have always been dificult in the practice of forensic science.Methods In this study,the late postmortem phenomena were observed.Meanwhile,the microbial flora structure of gut and gravesoil and the nature of gravesoil were detected,for analyzing the changes before and after the key moment of abdominal rupture which naturally happened during the cadaver decay.Results The results found that from the macroscopic and microscopic levels,there were significant diferences in cadaver decay,including microbial flora structure and gravesoil properties before and after the key moment of the natural abdominal rupture during cadaver decay.The phenomena are highly observable and can be accurately judged by forensic examinations,as well as related means in the field of biology and physiochemistry.In this study,this critical event was called Rupture Point.Conclusion The Rupture Point can be used as an important node for the assessment of cadaver decay degree in the practice of forensic medicine.It can be utilized for a cut-off point as well when constructing PMI inference models based on microbial flora structure changes.The accuracy of PMI inference models can be improved when the models were constructed in segments.

关 键 词：破溃 晚期腐败 微生物组 死亡时间推断 

分 类 号：D919.4[医药卫生—法医学]