戊戌前后“富强”话语变迁中的国家治理逻辑转换  

The Logic Transformation of National Governance in the"Fuqiang"(Wealth and Strength)Discursive Change during the Wuxu Period

作　　者：李耀跃[1] LI Yaoyue

机构地区：[1]河南工业大学法学院,450001

出　　处：《历史教学问题》2024年第2期18-26,17,169,共11页History Research And Teaching

基　　金：教育部人文社科研究项目“晚清中外交涉成案研究”(21YJC820021);河南哲学社会科学规划基金项目“晚清礼法秩序重建的‘今文学方案’及其儒学现代化意义”(2021BZX005);河南省高校人文社会科学研究项目“中外商约交涉中的近代中国法律外交能力研究”(2022-ZZJH-004)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：“富强”一词在近代中国的形成是涵摄于国家现代化命题的话语变化。甲午战前的“自强”“求富”之策多囿于传统国家-社会关系的调适,至戊戌时期,通过广泛社会动员推进“商力”“民智”以致“富强”的话语系统,在国家治理层面得以确立。戊戌时期新型经济管理部门的创设、鼓励民间投资实业的法令、知识传播理念和方式的转变,使国家治理内容和规模呈扩张趋势,塑造着现代国家治理结构意义上的国家-社会关系。清末“富强-宪法”实践超越了戊戌变法的国家治理转型进程,也延续着戊戌时期“商力”不振、“民智”未开的国家-社会关系脆弱性问题。从这个意义上可以重新审视戊戌变法作为历史“时刻”的划时代意义。The formation of the term"fuqiang"(wealth and strength)in modern China is part of the change of discourse reflected in the proposition of national modernization.The strategies of"self-strengthening"and"seeking wealth"before the first Sino-Japanese war were mostly confined to the adjustment of the traditional state-social relations.In 1898,however,the discursive cluster of"business power","people's wisdom"and"wealth and strength"through extensive social mobilization was established at the level of national governance.The establishment of the new economic management department in the period of 1898,the law of encouraging private investment in industry,the transformation of knowledge dissemination ideas and modes,made the content and scale of national governance expand,and re-shape the state-social relations in the sense of modern national governance structure.The practice of"prosperity and constitution"in the late Qing Dynasty surpassed the transformation process of national governance of the 1898 Reform,and continued the fragility of state-social relations with"weak business power"and"people's wisdom".In this sense,we can re-examine the epoch-making significance of the Reform Movement of 1898 as a historical"moment".

关 键 词：戊戌变法 富强 话语 国家治理 国家与社会 

分 类 号：K25[历史地理—历史学] D691[历史地理—中国史]