“12·14”山东暴雪过程降水相态的多源观测分析  

Analysis on precipitation phase during“12·14”snowstorm process in Shandong based on multi-source observation data

作　　者：戈瑶 郭俊建[2] 杨成芳[2] 韩永清[2] 王洪 周成 高帆 王鹤静 GE Yao;GUO Junjian;YANG Chengfang;HAN Yongqing;WANG Hong;ZHOU Cheng;GAO Fan;WANG Hejing(Key Laboratory for Meteorological Disaster Prevention and Mitigation of Shandong,Jinan 250031,China;Shandong Meteorological Observatory,Jinan 250031,China;Shandong Weather Modification Office,Jinan 250031,China;Jinan Meteorological Observatory,Jinan 250102,China)

机构地区：[1]山东省气象防灾减灾重点实验室,山东济南250031 [2]山东省气象台,山东济南250031 [3]山东省人民政府人工影响天气办公室,山东济南250031 [4]济南市气象台,山东济南250102

出　　处：《海洋气象学报》2024年第2期65-76,共12页Journal of Marine Meteorology

基　　金：山东省自然科学基金项目(ZR2022MD095);山东省气象局大城市气象服务关键技术创新团队项目(SDCXTD2023-1)。

摘　　要：基于毫米波云雷达、降水天气现象仪、风廓线雷达、双偏振雷达、自动气象站等多源观测资料及欧洲中期天气预报中心(European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts,ECMWF)第五代大气再分析(ECMWF Reanalysis v5,ERA5)资料,对2023年12月14日山东暴雪过程的环流背景和降水粒子微物理参数进行分析,探讨新型观测资料在降水相态监测与预报中的应用。结果表明:(1)此次过程受高空槽、低空西南急流和江淮气旋影响,伴随地面气温下降和中层暖层消退,出现雨、雨夹雪、冰粒和雪等相态。(2)降水天气现象仪探测发现,雪和雨的下落末速度均较小,雪粒子直径超过8 mm,雨粒子直径大多在4 mm以下。(3)毫米波云雷达观测到反射率因子、径向速度、谱宽和垂直液态水含量降低时,雨夹雪转为雪。(4)风廓线雷达显示雨夹雪和冰粒阶段对应强的低空西南急流和最大垂直速度(4~5 m·s^(-1)),转雪时3 km以下垂直速度降低至2 m·s^(-1)左右。(5)相关系数(C c)、差分反射率(Z DR)和水平极化反射率因子(Z h)等双偏振参量可判断融化层亮带,亮带的下降和消失可指示此次过程雨向雪的转换。Based on multi-source observation data such as millimeter-wave cloud radar,precipitation phenomenon instrument,wind profiler radar,dual-polarization radar,automatic weather station,and ECMWF(European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts)Reanalysis v5(ERA5),the circulation background and microphysical parameters of precipitation particles during the snowstorm in Shandong on 14 December 2023 are analyzed.The application of new observation data in precipitation phase monitoring and forecasting is discussed.The following results are obtained.(1)The extreme snowfall is affected by the upper-level trough,the southwest low-level jet,and the Jianghuai cyclone.With the decrease of the surface temperature and the retreat of the middle-level warm layer,there occurs rain,sleet,ice particles,and snow from west to east in Shandong.(2)The precipitation phenomenon instrument suggests that the terminal velocities of snow and rain are low.The diameter of snow particles exceeds 8 mm,and the diameter of rain particles is mostly below 4 mm.(3)The millimeter-wave cloud radar observes that the sleet turns to snow when the reflectivity,radial velocity,spectral width,and vertical liquid water content are reduced.(4)The wind profile radar finds that the phase of sleet and ice corresponds to the strong southwest low-level jet and the maximum vertical velocity(4-5 m·s^(-1)).When it turns to snow,the vertical velocity below 3 km decreases to about 2 m·s^(-1).(5)The dual-polarization parameters such as correlation coefficient C c,differential reflectivity Z DR,and reflectivity Z h can judge the bright band of melting layer,and the decline and disappearance of the bright band can indicate the conversion of rain to snow.

关 键 词：极端暴雪 降水相态 毫米波云雷达 降水天气现象仪 

分 类 号：P401[天文地球—大气物理学与大气环境] P458.3[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]