消弧装置CuW电极微观侵蚀仿真与实验  

Simulation and experiment of microscopic erosion of CuW electrodes in arc extinction device

作　　者：贾明灿 皇涛[1] 宋克兴[1,2] 国秀花 冯江[1] 宋海通[3] JIA Ming-can;HUANG Tao;SONG Ke-xing;GUO Xiu-hua;FENG Jiang;SONG Hai-tong(School of Materials Science and Engineering,Henan University of Science and Technology,Luoyang 471023,China;Henan Provincial Academy of Sciences,Zhengzhou 450052,China;The 713 Research Institute of CSSC,Zhengzhou 450015,China)

机构地区：[1]河南科技大学材料科学与工程学院,河南洛阳471023 [2]河南省科学院,河南郑州450052 [3]中国船舶重工集团公司第七一三研究所,河南郑州450015

出　　处：《材料热处理学报》2024年第5期186-196,共11页Transactions of Materials and Heat Treatment

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(52175314);河南省自然科学基金(202300410122);中原人才计划-中原青年拔尖人才([2023]11);中国工程科技发展战略河南省研究院战略咨询研究项目(2021HENZDA02);河南省杰出人才创新基金(182101510003)。

摘　　要：针对高速大电流下CuW电弧侵蚀斑点的形成和发展,基于纳维-斯托克斯方程(N-S方程)、麦克斯韦方程组构建二维轴对称磁流体动力学模型,考虑金属材料在高压作用下沸点迁移和蒸发带走的热量及金属蒸汽的反冲压力,描述CuW合金在电弧侵蚀下熔池形成的动态演变过程,通过等效热熔法描述金属相变,用动网格描述CuW电弧斑点侵蚀面演化,模拟CuW金属界面烧蚀过程,根据温度分布、烧蚀坑形貌分析电弧的热、力作用对Cu-W两相材料熔池溅射及侵蚀的影响。电弧光斑转移后,对比了不同Cu粒径大小的Cu(X)W合金的电弧侵蚀、熔池溅射过程。结果表明:在电弧侵蚀过程中,W相分布对熔池扩散有明显的抑制作用,Cu(2.0)W合金烧蚀过程中,溅射角度及速度可达52.5°和120 m/s,烧蚀形貌更为均匀,最大程度避免局部区域严重侵蚀而导致材料失效现象。在两Cu相光斑相距较近时,邻近侧熔融Cu液滴溅射角度会相应增大10°左右。与电弧烧蚀后合金的微观形貌进行比对,验证了模型的可靠性。In response to the formation and development of CuW arc erosion spots under high-speed and high current conditions,a twodimensional axisymmetric magnetohydrodynamic model was constructed based on the Navier-Stokes equations and the Maxwell’s equations.The model considered the heat carried away by boiling point migration and evaporation of the metal material under high pressure,as well as the recoil pressure of the metal vapor.The dynamic evolution process of the molten pool formation in CuW alloy under arc erosion was described.The metal phase transition was described using the equivalent heat fusion method,and the evolution of arc erosion surface of CuW arc spots was modeled using a dynamic mesh.The CuW metal interface ablation process was simulated,and the influence of the thermal and mechanical effects of the arc on the sputtering and erosion of the Cu-W two-phase material melt pool was analyzed based on temperature distribution and ablation pit morphology.After the arc spot transfer,the arc erosion and melt pool sputtering processes of Cu(X)W alloys with different Cu particle sizes were compared.The results show that during the arc erosion process,the distribution of W phase has a significant inhibitory effect on the diffusion of the molten pool.During the ablation process of Cu(2.0)W alloy,the sputtering angle and velocity can reach 52.5°and 120 m/s respectively,and the ablation morphology is more uniform,avoiding the phenomenon of material failure caused by severe erosion in local areas to the greatest extent.When the distance between the two Cu phase light spots is relatively close,the sputtering angle of adjacent molten Cu droplets will correspondingly increase by about 10°.The reliability of the model is verified by comparing the microstructure of the alloy after arc ablation.

关 键 词：电弧侵蚀 Cu(X)W合金 熔池 蒸发 熔池演变 

分 类 号：TG146.1[一般工业技术—材料科学与工程]