基于CARAH预警系统对8种马铃薯晚疫病新型杀菌剂的防效评估  

Evaluation of eight novel fungicides against potato late blight based on CARAH warning system

作　　者：霍超 曹继芬[1] 韩伟君[2] 胡慧芬 王乾 徐小波 赵志坚[1] HUO Chao;CAO Ji-fen;HAN Wei-jun;HU Hui-fen;WANG Qian;XU Xiao-bo;ZHAO Zhi-jian(Industrial Crop Institute,Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Kunming 650205,China;Yunnan Plant Protection and Quarantine Station,Kunming 650200,China)

机构地区：[1]云南省农业科学院经济作物研究所,昆明650205 [2]云南省植保植检站,昆明650200

出　　处：《西南农业学报》2024年第4期707-713,共7页Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFE0109600);云南省重点研发计划项目(202102AE090019)。

摘　　要：[目的]筛选马铃薯晚疫病防控新型高效绿色杀菌剂及生物农药,为科学合理使用高效杀菌剂开展马铃薯晚疫病绿色防控提供指导。[方法]在优化的马铃薯晚疫病CARAH预警系统指导下,采用随机区组设计对6种新型杀菌剂及2种植物源农药在马铃薯主栽品种合作88上进行大春马铃薯晚疫病田间药效评估,评价不同杀菌剂对马铃薯叶部和茎部的晚疫病防效。从预测中心病株开始,晚疫病每完成一代侵染进行一次防控。[结果]预警系统预测合作88将在7月2-4日出现中心病株,田间调查显示,对照处理7月3日出现马铃薯晚疫病中心病株,优化的预警系统预测中心病株出现时间的准确率达100%;根据预警系统指导,从7月1日第一次施药至8月30日最后一次施药共开展9次防控。对马铃薯叶部和茎部晚疫病调查显示:8种杀菌剂对马铃薯叶部和茎部晚疫病的防效分别在85.50%和87.50%以上,其中31%噁酮·氟噻唑的防效最高,分别达到95.00%和96.75%;植物源杀菌剂0.3%丁子香酚的防效较高,分别达到90.50%和92.50%。预警系统指导下应用8种杀菌剂对马铃薯增产显著,增产幅度在116.29%~257.69%,对照处理的商品薯率仅为38.27%,杀菌剂防控的商品薯率为71.60%~79.94%。[结论]CARAH系统测报与田间晚疫病的实际发生高度吻合,可精准指导晚疫病防控。6种化学杀菌剂和2种植物源农药对马铃薯晚疫病均有较高防效,推荐在生产中用于晚疫病防控,尤其是植物源农药丁子香酚替代化学杀菌剂的应用可以显著减少化学杀菌剂的使用量。[Objective]The study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of eight novel fungicides on the control of potato late blight and provide recommendations for rational use of these fungicides in effectively controlling the disease.[Method]Under the guidance of the optimized CARAH warning system,randomized block design was employed to assess the effectiveness of six chemical and two botanical fungicides a-gainst potato late blight in the spring potato planting regions of Yunnan,using the main variety Cooperation 88.The efficacy of various fungi-cides in controlling late blight on potato foliage and stems was evaluated.Late blight was sprayed once for each completed generation of infec-tion,starting before the earliest disease plant predicted by the system.[Result]According to the CARAH warning system,the emergence of the central late blight plant on Cooperation 88 was predicted around 2nd to 4th,July.In fact,field surveys showed that late blight of control plants occurred on 3rd,July.The optimized warning system could predict the emergence time of central disease plant with 100%accuracy.Under the guidance of the warning system,late blight was sprayed 9 times from the first spray on Ist,July to last spray on 3oth,August.Com-pared with the standard control,the investigation of potato foliage and stem late blight showed all eight fungicides demonstrating significant control effectiveness against both potato foliage and stem late blight with exceeding 85.50% and 87.50%,respectively.The 31% famoxa-done-oxathiapiprolin recorded the highest efficacy at 95.00% and 96.75%,respectively.The 0.3%eugenol exhibited a higher efficacy of 90.50% and 92.50%,respectively.The application of 8 fungicides under the guidance of the CARAH warning system significantly increased potato yields.And the yield increase ranged from 116.29% to 257.69%.Although the commodity rate of control potato was only 38.27%spraying different fungicides resulted in a higher commodity rate of Cooperation 88ranging from 71.60% to79.94%[ConclusionThe pre diction of

关 键 词：马铃薯晚疫病 化学杀菌剂 植物源农药 田间防效 CARAH预警系统 

分 类 号：S435[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]