蚕豆苗期耐低氮和氮敏感种质筛选  

Screening of low-nitrogen-tolerant and nitrogen-sensitive germplasms of faba bean at seedling stage

作　　者：陶伟 周仙莉 陈志凯 郑栋 张金发 彭小星 张红岩 侯万伟[2,3] TAO Wei;ZHOU Xian-li;CHEN Zhi-kai;ZHENG Dong;ZHANG Jin-fa;PENG Xiao-xing;ZHANG Hong-yan;HOU Wan-wei(College of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry,Qinghai University,Xining 810016,China;Qinghai Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences,Xining 810016,China;National Crop Germplasm Complex,Xining 810016,China)

机构地区：[1]青海大学农牧学院,西宁810016 [2]青海省农林科学院,西宁810016 [3]国家农作物种质资源复份库,西宁810016

出　　处：《西南农业学报》2024年第4期748-755,共8页Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：现代农业产业技术体系(CARS-08-G06)。

摘　　要：[目的]评价不同蚕豆种质材料的耐低氮能力,以期筛选氮高效利用的蚕豆材料。[方法]以320份国内外蚕豆种质为试材,采用水培法观测不同种质在低氮(0 mmol/L)和正常氮(10 mmol/L)处理下的苗期缺氮症状,初步筛选耐低氮和氮敏感种质,并通过对其生理指标测定探究其在低氮水平下的生理响应机制。[结果]青皮胡豆、638、宁波川等11份材料缺氮症状较轻,其植株生长健壮、叶色正常,为耐低氮种质。357、475、428等180份材料表现为中度或者较轻的缺氮症状,植株叶片小而薄底部叶片开始变黄。402、926、细米胡豆等129份材料表现为重度缺氮症状,叶色变黄,生长受到明显抑制。对3份耐低氮和3份氮敏感种质进行生理指标测定,发现6份蚕豆种质的丙二醛含量低氮条件下相较正常氮均表现为明显上升,过氧化氢酶、谷氨酰胺合成酶低氮条件下相较于正常氮对照均出现明显下降,低氮敏感型种质的硝酸还原酶活性呈下降趋势,耐低氮种质则呈上升趋势。[结论]硝酸还原酶、谷氨酰胺合成酶、过氧化氢酶可作为筛选蚕豆种质耐低氮的指标,本研究筛选出1份极耐低氮种质青皮胡豆与1份低氮敏感种质402,对建立蚕豆耐低氮评价体系、选育耐低氮胁迫蚕豆新种质、提高氮素使用效率从而减轻农业污染具有重要意义。[Objective]The present study aimed to evaluate the ability of faba bean resources to tolerate low nitrogen and to screen faba bean materials for efficient nitrogen utilization.[Method]JIn the study,320 domestic and foreign faba bean germplasms were used as test materials,and different germplasms were observed under low nitrogen(0 mmol/L)and normal nitrogen(10 mmol/L)treatments using hydroponics to observe the symptoms of nitrogen deficiency during seedling stage,to preliminarily screen for low-nitrogen-tolerant and nitrogen-sensitive germplasms,and to investigate their physiological response mechanisms under low nitrogen levels through the determination of physiological indexes.[Result]1l materials such as green pea,638,Ningbo Chuan,etc.had mild nitrogen deficiency symptoms,with robust plant growth,normal leaf color and low nitrogen tolerant germplasms.180 materials such as 357,475,428etc.showed moderate or mild nitrogen deficiency symptoms,with small and thin bottom leaves of the plant starting to turn yellow.The129 materials such as 402,926 and Fine Rice Hoodoo showed severe nitrogen deficiency symptoms,with yellowing of leaf color and significant growth inhibition.Physiological indexes of three low-nitrogen-resistant and three nitrogen-sensitive germplasms showed that malondialdehyde content of six faba bean germplasms showed a signifi-cant increase under low-nitrogen conditions compared with normal nitrogen,catalase and glutamine synthetase showed a significant decrease under low-nitrogen conditions compared with normal nitrogen control,and the nitrate reductase activity of low-nitrogen-sensitive germplasms showed a decreasing trend,while the low-nitrogen-resistant germplasms showed an increasing trend.[Conclusion]Nitrate reductase,glutamine synthetase and catalase can be used as indicators for screening faba bean germplasms for low-nitrogen tolerance,and one extremely low-nitro-gen-tolerant germplasm,green pea hut bean,and one low-nitrogen-sensitive germplasm,402,are screened,which is of great significance f

关 键 词：蚕豆 耐低氮 生理指标 相关性分析 

分 类 号：S643.6[农业科学—蔬菜学]