毒杂草降解对土壤微生物多样性的影响  

Effects of degradation of noxious weeds on soil microbial diversity

作　　者：全小龙 陈梦词 史慧兰 段中华 乔有明 QUAN Xiao-long;CHEN Meng-ci;SHI Hui-lan;DUAN Zhong-hua;QIAO You-ming(State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture,Qinghai University,Xining 810016,China;College of Eco-environmental En-gineering,Qinghai University,Xining 810016,China)

机构地区：[1]青海大学省部共建三江源生态与高原农牧业国家重点实验室,西宁810016 [2]青海大学生态环境工程学院,西宁810016

出　　处：《西南农业学报》2024年第4期844-851,共8页Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：第四期青海省“昆仑英才·高端创新创业人才”计划项目;青海大学青年科研基金项目(2020-QNY-2)。

摘　　要：[目的]探究毒杂草降解对土壤有效氮、有效磷及微生物多样性的影响。[方法]采用毒杂草粉碎干样埋土法,利用Illumina HiSeq 2500高通量测序技术分析微生物多样性,比较黄帚橐吾(Ligularia virgaurea)、甘肃马先蒿(Pedicularis kansuensis)、细叶亚菊(Ajania tenuifolia)、圆萼刺参(Morina chinensis)、密花香薷(Elsholtzia densa)和瑞香狼毒(Stellera chamaejasme)6种毒杂草植株降解过程中对土壤速效养分和微生物多样性的影响。[结果]在6种毒杂草分解影响下,土壤有效氮和有效磷总体呈增加趋势,其中甘肃马先蒿、细叶亚菊和密花香薷土壤有效氮显著增加(P<0.05),黄帚橐吾、甘肃马先蒿、细叶亚菊和密花香薷土壤有效磷显著增加(P<0.05)。与6种毒杂草影响的试验组相比,对照组细菌相对丰度ACE指数(1384.48)和Chao1指数(1385.89)均为低值,但与最高值1392.71和1393.25相差较小;与对照相比,6种毒杂草埋土处理不仅提高了土壤真菌丰度ACE指数和Chao1指数,也提高了多样性指数中Shannon指数和Simpson指数,但试验组间因处理的不同而呈现出不同的增加幅度。7组土壤样品的测序结果显示细菌分属于24个门、339个属,真菌分属于11个门、282个属。与对照相比,细菌OTUs变化较小,介于1388~1392。但6种毒杂草分解影响下真菌OTUs变化较大,对照仅为833,而黄帚橐吾真菌OTUs达1013。[结论]毒杂草降解增加了土壤有效氮和有效磷,提高了真菌丰度和多样性,未对土壤细菌造成显著影响。[Objective]The present paper aimed to explore the effects of degradation of noxious weeds on soil microbial diversity.[Method]The microbial diversity was analyzed by using Ilumina HiSeq 2500 high-throughput sequencing technology,and the effects of soil available nutrients and microbial diversity on the plant degradation of Ligularia virgaurea,Pedicularis kansuensis,Ajania tenuifolia,Morina chinensis Elsholtzia densa and Stellera chamaejasme were compared.[Result]Soil available nutrients showed an increasing trend.Soil available nitrogen increased significantly in P.kansuensis,A.tenuifolia and E.densa(P<0.05).And Soil available phosphorus was significantly increased in L.virgaurea,P.kansuensis,A.tenuifolia and E.densa(P<0.05).Compared with the experimental groups affected by six kinds of toxic weeds,ACE index(1384.48)and Chaol index(1385.89)of bacterial relative abundance in the control group were both low,but had little diference from the highest values of 1392.71 and 1393.25.Compared with the control,burying six poisonous weeds not only increased the ACE index and Chaol index of soil fungal richness,but also increased the Shannon index and Simpson index of soil fungal diversity index,but the experimental groups showed different increases due to different treatments.The sequencing results of 7 groups of soil samples showed that the bacteria belonged to 24 phyla and 339 genera.The fungi belonged to 11 phyla and 282 genera.Compared with the control group,bacterial OTUs changed less under the decomposition of 6 noxious weeds,ranging from 1388 to 1392.However,under the influence of decomposition of 6 poison-ous weeds,the OTUs of CK was only 833,while the OTUs of L.virgaurea was 1013.[Conclusion]The degradation of noxious weeds can increase soil available nitrogen and phosphorus,and increase the abundance and diversity of fungi,but have no significant effect on soil bacteria.

关 键 词：青藏高原 微生物降解 人工草地 生物多样性 

分 类 号：S154[农业科学—土壤学]