特征自适应的复杂曲面扫描路径生成方法  

Feature adaptive scanning path generation method for complex surfaces

作　　者：林雪竹[1,2] 王庭轩 郭丽丽 李丽娟[1,2] Lin Xuezhu;Wang Tingxuan;Guo Lili;Li Lijuan(The Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Measurement and Control and Optical Information Transmission Technology,Ministry of Education,The School of Electro-Optical Engineering,Changchun University of Science and Technology,Changchun 130022,China;Zhongshan Institute of Changchun University of Science and Technology,Zhongshan 528437,China)

机构地区：[1]长春理工大学光电工程学院、光电测控与光信息传输技术教育部重点实验室,吉林长春130022 [2]长春理工大学中山研究院,广东中山528437

出　　处：《红外与激光工程》2024年第5期117-132,共16页Infrared and Laser Engineering

基　　金：中山市社会公益科技研究项目(2022B2013);吉林省科技发展计划重点研发项目(20200401019GX);长春理工大学中山研究院引进创新科研团队项目(CXTD2023006);吉林省教育厅科学技术研究项目(JJKH20230819KJ)。

摘　　要：为了解决现有自动化扫描方法在面对复杂曲面时扫描完整性不足、普适性不佳等问题,提出了一种特征自适应的自动化扫描路径规划方法。首先,构建了激光扫描仪的扫描约束条件,分析其对扫描精度的影响,为特征自适应的复杂扫描路径规划提供理论支撑。其次,针对扫描仪姿态规划问题,提出了一种新的测量倾角约束聚类算法,对离散复杂曲面后获得的采样点进行聚类处理,实现扫描仪姿态的规划,并在此基础上获得扫描路径点。再次,针对扫描路径规划问题,引入法向矢量夹角矩阵作为惩罚矩阵,优化改进最近邻算法,实现符合需求的扫描路径规划。最后,为验证该方法可行有效,以汽车车门作为扫描对象,搭建了一个组合式自动化柔性测量系统,与传统行切扫描方法、手动扫描方法进行对比试验。试验结果表明,该方法相较于行切扫描方法在扫描仪姿态变换次数上减少了54%,测量精度提高了64.5%,降低了人工干预因素的影响,扫描完整性与手动扫描方法接近,可以实现针对复杂曲面的自动化扫描测量。Objective In the fields of mold manufacturing,automobile assembly and aviation manufacturing,3D measurement is an important link to verify whether the product shape accuracy meets the design specifications.With the continuous development of technology,manual measurement has been unable to meet the needs of modern production applications.Therefore,automatic measurement technology with higher detection accuracy and measurement efficiency has gradually come to the fore.However,the current automatic measurement method has the problem of lack of data in complex structure areas when dealing with characteristic regions with complex curvature changes,so it is difficult to be directly applied to the scanning measurement of large and complex surfaces.The methods to solve these problems are usually lack of universality,and the path planning method needs to be selected manually,which leads to low scanning efficiency.Therefore,it is necessary to design an efficient automatic measurement method for this kind of complex surface.For this reason,through extensive research,this paper proposes a feature adaptive automatic scanning path planning method based on the scanner's own scanning constraints(Fig.4).Methods First of all,on the basis of constructing the scanning constraint conditions of the laser scanner,this paper analyzes its influence on the scanning accuracy(Fig.3).Secondly,aiming at the problem of scanner attitude planning,a new measurement inclination constrained clustering algorithm is proposed to cluster the sampling points obtained from discrete complex surfaces to realize scanner attitude planning(Fig.10).On this basis,the scanning path points are obtained(Fig.13).Thirdly,aiming at the scanning path planning problem,the approximate algorithm is improved by introducing the normal vector angle matrix as the penalty matrix,and the scanning path planning that meets the requirements is realized(Fig.15).Finally,taking the car door as the scanning object,the measurement process is as follows:first,according to the measureme

关 键 词：激光扫描仪 扫描路径规划 扫描约束 特征自适应 聚类处理 

分 类 号：TH741[机械工程—光学工程]