黄河百年径流系列连续枯水段识别和用水特征分析  

Identification of Continuous Low Water Period in the Yellow Rivers Centennial Runoff Series and Analysis of Water Use Characteristics

作　　者：尚文绣 王煜[3] 郑小康 李晓宇[4] SHANG Wenxiu;WANG Yu;ZHENG Xiaokang;LI Xiaoyu(Yellow River Engineering Consulting Co.,Ltd.,Zhengzhou 450003,China;Key Laboratory of Water Management and Water Security for Yellow River Basin(Under Construction),Ministry of Water Resources,Zhengzhou 450003,China;Yellow River Conservancy Commission,Zhengzhou 450003,China;Yellow River Institute of Hydrology and Water Resources,Zhengzhou 450004,China)

机构地区：[1]黄河勘测规划设计研究院有限公司,河南郑州450003 [2]水利部黄河流域水治理与水安全重点实验室(筹),河南郑州450003 [3]黄河水利委员会,河南郑州450003 [4]黄河水文水资源科学研究院,河南郑州450004

出　　处：《人民黄河》2024年第6期20-25,42,共7页Yellow River

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFC3202300);国家自然科学基金资助项目(U2243233)。

摘　　要：连续枯水给黄河流域水资源安全造成了严重威胁。采用黄河干流兰州断面和花园口断面1920—2019水文年系列,通过距平法和标准化径流指数识别了百年系列连续枯水段,分析了枯水段的用水特征。结果显示:两断面均经历了1922—1932水文年和1990—2002水文年连续枯水段,均表现出连续枯水段和极端枯水年叠加的特征;1990—2002水文年连续枯水显著减少了入海水量;在1990—2002水文年连续枯水段初期,枯水对黄河流域及供水区用水量影响不明显,但在后期用水总量及农业用水量均大幅度减少;1990—2002水文年连续枯水段后期遭遇短期极端枯水对用水造成重大影响;龙羊峡水库在连续枯水段发挥了多年调节作用,支撑了流域供水安全。但是龙羊峡水库年际补水能力有限,未来在国家水网建设背景下,应通过建设古贤水库和跨流域调水工程提升应对连续枯水的流域水资源安全保障能力。Continuous low water events pose serious risks to the water resources security of the Yellow River Basin.Using the hydrological year series of Lanzhou section and Huayuankou section from 1920 to 2019 hydrological year,continuous low water periods were identified by using the anomaly method and standardized runoff index,and water use characteristics during these periods were analyzed.The results show that both sections have experienced continuous low water periods from 1922 to 1932 hydrological year and from 1990 to 2002 hydrological year,both exhibiting characteristics of overlapping continuous low water periods and extreme low water years.During 1990 to 2002 hydrologi-cal year,the continuous low water has significantly reduced the volume of water entering into the sea.In the early stage of the 1990-2002 hydrological year,the impact of low water on water consumption in the Yellow River Basin and its water supply areas is not significant,whereas in the later stage both the total water consumption and agricultural water consumption are significantly decreased.Short-term extreme low water event within a continuous low water period(1990-2002 hydrological year)can significantly reduce the water use.The Longyangxia Reservoir played an important role in supporting the water security of the basin by multi-year regulating in continuous low water periods.Hoowever,the multi-year regulating capacity of Longyangxia Reservoir is not enough.Thus it is necessary to accelerate the buliding of the na-tional water network,and to enhance the ability to cope with continuous low water periods by constructing the Guxian Reservoir and inter-ba-sin water transfer projects in the future.

关 键 词：连续枯水段 极端枯水 用水特征 入海水量 多年调节水库 黄河 

分 类 号：TV121[水利工程—水文学及水资源] TV882.1