数字政府视阈下的算法行政:兴起、风险与法治纠偏  

Algorithmic Administration from the Perspective of Digital Government:Rise,Alienation and Rule of Law Correction

作　　者：李牧[1] 王俊[1] LI Mu;WANG Jun(School of Law and Humanities&Sociology,Wuhan University of Technology,Wuhan 430070,Hubei,China)

机构地区：[1]武汉理工大学法学与人文社会学院,武汉430070

出　　处：《武汉理工大学学报（社会科学版）》2024年第2期1-8,共8页Journal of Wuhan University of Technology:Social Sciences Edition

基　　金：湖北省社科基金项目“湖北省社会治理法治化研究”(HBSKJJ2023702)。

摘　　要：随着数字政府建设目标的确立,算法技术嵌入行政成为一种必然趋势,但是算法在促进行政的同时,也带来了法治价值失序的隐忧。算法基于海量数据运算配置社会资源,辅助甚至独立作出行政行为,或许将会成为行政权行使的中枢性力量。但是,过度依赖算法可能导致强调技术理性而忽视价值理性。算法技术本身所带的内生性风险与算法应用中潜在的风险,暗含着行政权力的“技术延伸”和公民权利被侵蚀的隐患,算法行政遭受合法性和合理性的诘难,数字政府建设与法治政府建设面临耦合困境。为防范算法行政异化风险,政府的数字化必须与法治化同步建设,警惕技术理性凌驾于价值理性之上的观念,并从算法的创制、适用以及事后追责的各阶段构建起算法行政的合法性约束机制,避免“权力—权利”格局的失衡,从而促进政府数字化建设和法治化建设的深度融合。With the establishment of the goal of digital government construction,the embedding of algorithm technology in administration has become an inevitable trend.However,while algorithms promote administration,they also bring hidden concerns about the disorder of the value of the rule of law.Algorithms allocate social resources based on massive data calculations to assist or even independently make administrative actions,which may become the central force in the exercise of administrative power.At the same time,overreliance on algorithms can lead to the promotion of technical rationality and the neglect of value rationality.The endogenous risks brought by algorithm technology itself and the potential risks in the application of algorithms imply the“technical extension”of administrative power and the hidden danger of the erosion of citizens’rights.In order to prevent the risk of algorithmic administrative alienation,the digitalization of the government must be built simultaneously with the rule of law,and we must be vigilant against the concept that technical rationality is placed at the top of value rationality,and build a legitimacy restraint mechanism for algorithmic administration from the stages of the creation,application and subsequent accountability of algorithms,so as to avoid the imbalance of the“power-right”pattern and promote the deep integration of government digitalization and rule of law.

关 键 词：数字法治政府 算法行政 异化风险 公民权利 行政法治 

分 类 号：D922.114[政治法律—宪法学与行政法学] D922.112[政治法律—法学]