论金融消费领域惩罚性赔偿责任的适用——以金融法与消费者保护法的交错为视角  

The Application of Punitive Damages in the Field of Financial Consumption:In the Perspective of the Intersection of Financial Law and Consumer Protection Law

作　　者：李航 吴志宇 LI Hang;WU Zhi-yu(College of Comparative Law,China University of Political Science and Law,Beijing,100088,China)

机构地区：[1]中国政法大学比较法学研究院,北京100088

出　　处：《福建金融管理干部学院学报》2024年第1期36-47,共12页Journal of Fujian Institute of Financial Administrators

基　　金：国家社科基金项目“违约惩罚性赔偿制度研究”(17BFX083)。

摘　　要：金融消费领域惩罚性赔偿责任的适用是一个金融法与消费者保护法的交错问题。既有观点强调金融消费者的单一特征,未能充分考虑惩罚性赔偿责任的内在机理,即不对等关系、欺诈行为与倾斜保护政策之间的紧密关联。涉及消费信贷、消费支付、储蓄、保险等的金融消费场景,有适用惩罚性赔偿责任的可能,其他场景则应贯彻平等保护的原则。鉴于金融消费的特殊性,应当通过立法或司法的灵活处理来解决《消费者权益保护法》中规定的惩罚性赔偿规则适配度不够的问题。基于当前金融法制现状,准用《消费者权益保护法》第55条更为可行。具体而言,欺诈行为的认定要遵循金融治理协同理念,适当考虑监管政策和公共影响;基数的裁量要实现金融安全与金融效率的均衡。The difficulties of awarding punitive damages in the field of financial consumption arise from the intersection of financial law and consumer protection law.The existing viewpoints emphasize the singular feature of financial consumers and fail to fully consider the inherent reason for punitive damages:there is a close correlation between the unequal relationship,fraudulent behaviour and consumer-oriented policy.In financial consumption scenarios involving consumer credit,consumer payment,savings and insurance,the punitive damages is poised to be awarded while the principle of equal protection should be followed in other scenarios.Based on the particularities of financial consumption,the legislation and more flexible judicial review should be introduced in a bid to handle the uncomfortable application of punitive damages provided in Consumer Protection Law in this field.Nevertheless,given current status of the financial regulation system,it is more realistic to apply Article 55 of the Consumer Protection Law.Specifically,when determining whether the fraudulent behaviour has occurred in particular case,the judges should take regulatory policy and public impact into account following the idea of financial governance coordination and try to achieve a balance between financial security and efficiency when the determining the base figure for damages.

关 键 词：惩罚性赔偿 消费者权益保护 金融消费者 准用路径 金融治理协同 

分 类 号：D922.28[政治法律—经济法学]