赣北棉区棉花干物质积累特征和产量对减氮措施的响应  

Response of Dry Matter Accumulation Characteristics and Yield of Cotton in North Jiangxi Cotton Region to Nitrogen Reduction Measures

作　　者：秦宇坤 陈俊英 张丽娟 QIN Yukun;CHEN Junying;ZHANG Lijuan(Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Plantation and High Valued Utilization of Specialty Fruit Tree and Tea,Jiangxi Cash Crop Research Institute,Jiangxi Jiujiang 332105,China)

机构地区：[1]江西省经济作物研究所,特色果树茶叶种植与高值利用江西省重点实验室,江西九江332105

出　　处：《中国农业科技导报》2024年第6期191-199,共9页Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology

基　　金：国家棉花产业技术体系项目(CARS-15-36);江西省重点研发计划项目(20192BBFL60005);农业生态环境保护项目(09162110402229)。

摘　　要：为探究减氮措施对棉花干物质积累特征及产量的影响,设置常规施氮(N_(1),施氮量345 kg·hm^(-2))、减氮20%(N_(2),施氮量276 kg·hm^(-2)),减氮20%其中配施10%有机肥(N_(3),施氮量276 kg·hm^(-2),化肥与有机肥配施比例9∶1)和不施氮(N4)共4个处理,分析棉花干物质积累特征参数、产量、养分含量对不同减氮措施的响应。结果表明,与N_(1)处理相比,N_(2)与N_(3)处理吐絮期棉花生殖器官干物质分配比例显著增加10.29%、15.10%,干物质积累时长缩短10.97%、13.27%,生殖器官干物质积累快增期持续时长增加11.76%、90.04%,加快了棉花生育进程;N4处理干物质积累平均速率降低45.30%,干物质积累最大速率出现时间延缓。2年平均籽棉产量与经济效益均以N_(3)处理最大,分别为3496.87 kg·hm^(-2)和22956.64元。因此,N_(3)处理即减氮20%并配施10%有机肥处理为赣北棉区高产、节肥并具有最佳经济效益的减氮措施。以上结果为降低赣北棉区氮肥投入量提供指导意义。In order to explore the effects of nitrogen reduction on the characteristic of dry matter accumulation and yield of cotton,4 treatments were set up,including conventional nitrogen treatment(N_(1),nitrogen application rate 345 kg·hm^(-2)),20%nitrogen reduction treatment(N_(2),nitrogen application rate 276 kg·hm^(-2)),20%nitrogen reduction combined with 10%organic fertilizer treatment(N_(3),nitrogen application rate 276 kg·hm^(-2),the ratio of chemical fertilizer and organic fertilizer was 9∶1)and no nitrogen treatment(N4),to analyze the responses of cotton dry matter accumulation characteristic parameters,yield and nutrient content to different nitrogen reduction treatments.The results showed that compared with N_(1) treatment,N_(2) and N_(3) treatments significantly increased the dry matter distribution ratio of reproductive organs at catkins period by 10.29% and 15.10%,shortened the dry matter accumulation time by 10.97% and 13.27%,and increased the dry matter accumulation fast growth period by 11.76% and 90.04%,accelerating the growth process of cotton.N4 treatment reduced the average rate of dry matter accumulation by 45.30%,and delayed the appearance time of the maximum rate of dry matter accumulation.The yield and economic benefit of seed cotton in 2 years were the highest in N_(3) treatment,which were 3496.87 kg·hm^(-2) and 22956.64 yuan,respectively.Therefore,N_(3) treatment,namely 20%nitrogen reduction combined with 10%manure,was a nitrogen reduction measure with high yield,fertilizer saving and the best economic benefits in northern Jiangxi cotton region.Above results provided guidance for reducing the amount of nitrogen fertilizer input in cotton growing area of northern Jiangxi.

关 键 词：减氮措施 棉花 干物质积累 特征参数 籽棉产量 

分 类 号：S157[农业科学—土壤学]