2022年云南省血吸虫病传播风险评估结果分析  

Analysis of risk assessment results of schistosomiasis transmission in Yunnan province in 2022

作　　者：王丽芳 孙佳昱[2] 张云[2] 张宗亚[2] 宋静 周济华[2] 江华[2] 杜春红[2] WANG Lifang;SUN Jiayu;ZHANG Yun;ZHANG Zongya;SONG Jing;ZHOU Jihua;JIANG Hua;DU Chunhong(School of Public Health,Dali University,Dali,Yunnan 671000,China;Yunnan Institute of Endemic Disease Control and Prevention,Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Control and Prevention,Dali,Yunnan 671000,China)

机构地区：[1]大理大学公共卫生学院,云南大理671000 [2]云南省地方病防治所,云南省自然疫源性疾病防控重点实验室,云南大理671000

出　　处：《热带医学杂志》2024年第4期475-479,共5页Journal of Tropical Medicine

基　　金：国家寄生虫资源库资助(2019-194-30)。

摘　　要：目的分析2022年云南省血吸虫病传播风险,为巩固上一阶段防治成果、实现下一阶段精准防控提供决策依据。方法选择巍山、洱源、永胜3县的6个行政村作为本年度省级风险评估对象,采用回顾性调查结合现场调查的方法,收集近3年防治资料,现场进行螺情调查和野粪污染调查,综合分析评估云南省2022年血吸虫病传播风险。结果2020-2022年,巍山县同兴村、西山村,洱源县永乐村、新联村,永胜县胜利村、清河村的人群血吸虫病筛查血检阳性率分别为2.58%(79/3058)、5.19%(179/3449)、5.81%(215/3699)、3.36%(101/3005)、2.18%(16/733)、1.91%(13/681),血检阳性人群粪检均未发现阳性。2022年查出有螺面积67.75 hm^(2),有螺框出现率为7.71%,活螺密度为0.32只/0.11 m^(2)。本次现场调查共调查风险环境31处,捡获活螺2819只,全部螺组织进行核酸检测,未发现感染性钉螺;共捡获野粪169份,其中犬粪69份(40.83%)、牛粪46份(27.22%)、羊粪40份(23.67%)、马属粪6份(3.55%)、人粪4份(2.37%)、猪粪4份(2.37%),尼龙绢集卵孵化法未检出毛蚴。结论云南省血吸虫病流行处于较低水平,但流行区中间宿主钉螺分布、野粪污染等疾病传播因素持续存在,潜在传播风险不容忽视,应继续强化以控制传染源为主、钉螺控制并重的山区地区综合防治措施,加强监测预警,及时发现并消除疾病传播风险。Objective To analyze the transmission risk of schistosomiasis in Yunnan province in 2022,consolidate the achievements of the previous phase of prevention and control and provide a decision⁃making basis for the next phase.Methods This study adopts a combined approach of retrospective survey and on⁃site investigation.Six administrative villages from Weishan county,Eryuan county,and Yongsheng county were selected as the provincial⁃level risk assessment sites for 2022.On⁃site snail surveys and investigations into wild fecal contamination were conducted at these locations.Additionally,relevant prevention and control data from 2020-2022 were collected at these six sites.A comprehensive analysis was performed to assess the transmission risk of schistosomiasis in Yunnan province in 2022.Results From 2020 to 2022,the positive rates of schistosomiasis blood screening in Tongxing village and Xishan village in Weishan county were 2.58%(79/3058)and 5.19%(179/3449),respectively.In Yongle village and Xinlian village in Eryuan county,the positive rates were 5.81%(215/3699)and 3.36%(101/3005),respectively,while in Shengli village and Qinghe village in Yongsheng county,the positive rates were 2.18%(16/733)and 1.91%(13/681),respectively.No positive cases were found in stool examinations among the blood⁃positive individuals.A total snail⁃infested area of 67.75 hm^(2) in 2022,with live Oncomelania frame rate of 7.71%and a snail density of 0.32 snails per 0.11 square meter.During the on⁃site investigation,31 risk environmental sites were surveyed,resulting in the capture of 2819 live snails.All snail tissues underwent LAMP nucleic acid testing,but no infective snails were detected.Additionally,169 samples of wild feces were collected,including 69(40.83%)from dogs,46(27.22%)from cattle,40(23.67%)from sheep,6(3.55%)from horses,4(2.37%)from humans,and 4(2.37%)from pigs.The nylon silk hatching method did not detect cercariae.Conclusions The prevalence of schistosomiasis in Yunnan province was at a relatively low level.Howeve

关 键 词：血吸虫病 钉螺 野粪 

分 类 号：R532.21[医药卫生—内科学]