淄博市供暖前后PM_(2.5)中多环芳烃及其衍生物污染特征、来源及健康风险  

Characteristics,Sources Apportionment,and Health Risks of PM_(2.5)-bound PAHs and Their Derivatives Before and After Heating in Zibo City

作　　者：孙港立 吴丽萍 徐勃 高玉宗 赵雪艳[2] 姬亚芹[4] 杨文[2] SUN Gang-li;WU Li-ping;XU Bo;GAO Yu-zong;ZHAO Xue-yan;JI Ya-qin;YANG Wen(School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering,Tianjin Chengjian University,Tianjin 300384,China;Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences,Beijing 100012,China;Zibo Eco-Environment Monitoring Center of Shandong Province,Zibo 255000,China;College of Environmental Science and Engineering,Nankai University,Tianjin 300350,China)

机构地区：[1]天津城建大学环境与市政工程学院,天津300384 [2]中国环境科学研究院,北京100012 [3]山东省淄博生态环境监测中心,淄博255000 [4]南开大学环境科学与工程学院,天津300350

出　　处：《环境科学》2024年第5期2558-2570,共13页Environmental Science

基　　金：淄博生态环境局淄博大气复合污染综合监测网络建设项目(SDGP370300202002000003)。

摘　　要：大气中的多环芳烃(PAHs)及其衍生物是影响环境和威胁人类健康的全球性问题.为了研究淄博市PM_(2.5)中PAHs及其衍生物的污染特征、来源和健康风险,于2020年11月5日至12月26日期间采集PM_(2.5)样品,使用气相色谱-质谱联用仪(GC-MS)分析PM_(2.5)中的16种常规PAHs、9种NPAHs和5种OPAHs的浓度,利用特征比值法和PMF模型对其主要来源进行解析,并使用基于源解析结果的终生致癌风险模型(ILCR)评估了供暖前后PAHs及其衍生物对成年男女的健康风险.结果表明,采样期间淄博市PM_(2.5)中∑_(16)pPAHs、∑_(9)NPAHs和∑5OPAHs浓度均值分别为:(41.61±13.40)、(6.38±5.70)和(53.20±53.47)ng·m^(−3),供暖后3类PAHs浓度明显增加,分别为供暖前的1.31、2.04和5.24倍.采样期间(Chr)、苯并[a]芘(BaP)和苯并[a]蒽(BaA)为pPAHs的优势组分,9-硝基蒽(9N-Ant)和2-硝基荧蒽+3-硝基荧蒽(2N-Flt+3N-Flt)为NPAHs的优势组分,蒽醌(ATQ)和苯并蒽酮(BZO)为OPAHs的优势组分.煤和生物质燃烧混合源以及二次生成是采暖后PM_(2.5)中PAHs及其衍生物增长的主要来源.采样期间BaP毒性当量浓度(TEQ)为14.5 ng·m^(−3),供暖后TEQ明显增加,约为供暖前的1.2倍.淄博市PM_(2.5)中PAHs及其衍生物对成年男性(1.06×10^(−5))和女性(9.32×10^(−6))均存在一定的潜在致癌风险.其中,汽油车、柴油车和煤炭/生物质排放的PAHs造成的健康风险更高.Atmospheric polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs)and their derivatives are a global problem that influences the environment and threatens human health.To investigate the characteristics,sources,and health risk assessment of PM_(2.5)-bound PAHs and their derivatives,PM_(2.5) were collected at an urban site in Zibo from November 5 to December 26,2020,and the concentrations of 16 conventional PAHs,nine NPAHs,and five OPAHs in PM_(2.5) were analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.Source apportionment of PAHs and their derivatives was conducted using diagnostic ratios and a PMF model,and the health risks of PAHs and their derivatives to adult men and women were evaluated using the source-dependent incremental lifetime cancer risk(ILCR)model.The results showed that the average concentrations of∑_(16) pPAHs,∑_(9)NPAHs,and∑_(5)OPAHs in PM_(2.5) of Zibo City during the sampling period were(41.61±13.40),(6.38±5.70),and(53.20±53.47)ng·m^(−3),respectively.The concentrations of the three PAHs increased significantly after heating,which were 1.31,2.04,and 5.24 times larger than those before heating.During the sampling period,Chr,BaP,and BaA were the dominant components of pPAHs;9N-Ant and 2N-Flt+3N-Flt were the dominant components of NPAHs;and ATQ and BZO were the dominant components of OPAHs.Source apportionment results showed that motor vehicles were the main source of PAHs and their derivatives in PM_(2.5) before heating,whereas after heating,the main sources were the mixed source of coal and biomass combustion and secondary formation.The total BaP equivalent(TEQ)was 14.5 ng·m^(−3) during the sampling period,and the TEQ increased significantly after heating,which was approximately 1.2 times of that before heating.Assisted by the individual PAH source apportionment results,the ILCR of PM_(2.5)-bound PAHs and NPAHs in Zibo City had a certain potential carcinogenic risk for adult males(1.06×10^(−5))and females(9.32×10^(−6)).Among them,the health risks of PAHs from gasoline vehicles,diesel vehi

关 键 词：PM_(2.5) 采暖季 母体多环芳烃(pPAHs) 硝基多环芳烃(NPAHs) 含氧多环芳烃(OPAHs) 源解析 健康风险 

分 类 号：X513[环境科学与工程—环境工程]