农药施用对兴凯湖水中农药残留的影响及其风险评价  

Effects of Pesticides Use on Pesticides Residues and Its Environmental Risk Assessment in Xingkai Lake(China)

作　　者：王蔚青 徐雄[1] 刘权震 林利华 吕婧 王东红[1,2] WANG Wei-qing;XU Xiong;LIU Quan-zhen;LIN Li-hua;LÜJing;WANG Dong-hong(National Engineering Research Center of Industrial Wastewater Detoxication and Resource Recovery,Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100085,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院生态环境研究中心工业废水无害化与资源化国家工程研究中心,北京100085 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049

出　　处：《环境科学》2024年第5期2678-2685,共8页Environmental Science

基　　金：中国科学院战略性先导科技A类专项(XDA28100503);国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFC3200802-02)。

摘　　要：主要研究了中国东北兴凯湖周围水稻种植区域农药残留以及对湖水水质的影响.分别于水稻抽穗期和水稻成熟期在兴凯湖地区对稻田、排干和大小兴凯湖地表水进行采集并对27种农药及其降解产物进行分析.结果表明,在水稻抽穗期所分析的27种农药及其降解产物全部检出,总浓度范围为247.97~6094.49 ng·L^(−1);水稻成熟期检出25种,总浓度范围为485.36~796.23 ng·L^(−1),两时期对比,抽穗期的农药及其降解产物检出数量更多且总浓度更高;在水稻抽穗期阿特拉津、西草净和多效唑为主要检出农药,在水稻成熟期阿特拉津和稻瘟灵为主要检出农药;大小兴凯湖水中农药的分布特征与排干水相似,表明大小兴凯湖水中农药及其降解产物很可能来源于稻田排干的输入;在排干和大小兴凯湖水中,阿特拉津、西草净、扑草净、丁草胺、稻瘟灵和草酮RQ均值大于0.1,对水生生物存在潜在生态风险.Xingkai Lake,located in Heilongjiang Province,is an important fishery and agricultural base and is seriously polluted by agricultural non-point sources.To clarify the residual status of many pesticides in the surface water of Xingkai Lake,27 types of pesticides,herbicides,and their degradation products were analyzed in rice paddy,drainage,and surface water around Xingkai Lake(China)during the rice heading and maturity periods.The results showed that all 27 types of pesticides,herbicides,and their degradation products were detected during the rice heading period,and the total concentration ranged from 247.97 to 6094.49 ng·L^(−1).Additionally,25 species were detected during the rice maturity period,and the total concentration ranged from 485.36 to 796.23 ng·L^(−1).In comparison,more pesticides,herbicides,and derived degradation products were detected during the heading period,and their total concentration was higher as well.During the rice heading period,atrazine,simetryn,and paclobutrazol were the main detected pesticides,atrazine and isoprothiolane were the main pesticides detected during the maturity period.The distribution characteristics of pesticides and herbicides in the surface water around Xingkai Lake(China)was similar to that in drainage,so they were probably imported from the drainage and rice paddy.The average risk quotient(RQ)values of atrazine,simetryn,prometryn,butachlor,isoprothiolane,and oxadiazon were higher than 0.1 in drainage and Xingkai Lake(China),which showed a potential risk to aquatic organisms.

关 键 词：农药残留 分布特征 风险评价 兴凯湖 水稻 

分 类 号：X524[环境科学与工程—环境工程]