酶的理性设计在作物育种中的应用进展与前景展望  

Progress on Application of Rational Design of Enzyme in Crop Breeding and Prospect

作　　者：王东辉 王奥轩 何长海 刘志豪 石永春[1] 王燃 王潇然[1] WANG Donghui;WANG Aoxuan;HE Changhai;LIU Zhihao;SHI Yongchun;WANG Ran;WANG Xiaoran(College of Life Sciences,Henan Agricultural University,Zhengzhou 450002,China;People’s Victory Canal Administration of Henan Province,Xinxiang 453000,China)

机构地区：[1]河南农业大学生命科学学院,河南郑州450002 [2]河南省人民胜利渠管理局,河南新乡453000

出　　处：《河南农业科学》2024年第5期1-9,共9页Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：河南省人民胜利渠保障中心科研项目(2022001);河南省科技攻关项目(212102311092);国家烟草专卖局生物育种重大科技专项[110202101042(JY-19)];国家烟草专卖局重点科技项目(110202102033,110202202038)。

摘　　要：优良种质资源是粮食安全的重要保证,传统育种技术存在周期长、工作量庞大等问题。随着生物学与计算机技术的深度融合,针对作物关键基因进行定向优化的酶的理性设计,为更大限度挖掘优质基因资源奠定了基础,进一步与基因编辑及转基因技术相结合,成为分子育种技术探索中的重要方向之一。阐述了分子对接、分子动力学模拟、结合自由能评价等酶的理性设计常用方法,综述了酶的理性设计在提高作物品质、抗逆性和生物量方面的应用进展,并对未来的前景进行展望,以期为作物育种新技术的开发和利用提供参考。Excellent germplasm resources are important guarantee for food security,and traditional breeding techniques have problems such as long breeding cycles and intensive workloads.With the deep integration of biology and computer technology,the rational design of enzyme used for directional optimization of key crop genes has laid the foundation for greater exploitation of high⁃quality genetic resources.It further integrates with gene editing and transgenic technologies,and becomes one of the important directions in the exploration of molecular breeding technology.This article elaborated the common methods of rational design of enzyme,such as molecular docking,molecular dynamic simulations,binding free energy evaluation and so on,reviewed the progress on application of rational design of enzyme in improvement of crop quality,stress resistance and biomass,and the future was prospected,to provide reference for the development and utilization of new technologies in crop breeding.

关 键 词：酶 理性设计 作物育种 基因编辑 遗传转化 

分 类 号：Q946[生物学—植物学]