穗肥施钾量和叶面肥对稻虾共作水稻生理特性、产量和品质的影响  

Effects of Panicle Potassium Fertilizer Rates and Foliar Fertilizer on Rice Physiological Characteristics,Yield and Quality under Crayfish⁃Rice Integrated System

作　　者：董洪瑞 朱杰 周勇[1,3] 李皓轩[1] 杨伟 蒋梦蝶 朱波 聂江文[1] 刘章勇 DONG Hongrui;ZHU Jie;ZHOU Yong;LI Haoxuan;YANG Wei;JIANG Mengdie;ZHU Bo;NIE Jiangwen;LIU Zhangyong(College of Agriculture,Yangtze University/Engineering Research Center of Ecology and Agricultural Use of Wetland,Ministry of Education,Jingzhou 434200,China;Xiangyang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Xiangyang 441000,China;College of Life Science and Technology,Hubei Engineering University,Xiaogan 432000,China)

机构地区：[1]长江大学农学院/湿地生态与农业利用教育部工程研究中心,湖北荆州434200 [2]襄阳市农业科学院,湖北襄阳441000 [3]湖北工程学院生命科学技术学院,湖北孝感432000

出　　处：《河南农业科学》2024年第5期30-39,共10页Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFE0209200-04);国家自然科学基金项目(31870424);长江大学湿地生态与农业利用教育部工程研究中心开放基金项目(KF202309,KF202308)。

摘　　要：研究穗肥施钾量[0 kg/hm^(2)(S0)、45 kg/hm^(2)(S1)、90 kg/hm^(2)(S2)]和叶面肥[不喷施叶面肥(P0)和喷施叶面肥(P1)]对稻虾共作水稻生理特性、产量和品质的影响,以期为稻虾共作模式下的水稻绿色高产优质栽培提供科学依据。结果表明,喷施叶面肥、施用穗肥钾均可提高水稻剑叶SPAD值,超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性,核酮糖-1,5-二磷酸羧化酶(RuBisCO)活性,过氧化物酶(POD)活性,可溶性糖含量,地上部干物质积累量,茎叶干物质转运量、转运率及其对籽粒的贡献率,同时降低丙二醛(MDA)含量,总体上以S1P1处理最优。喷施叶面肥、施用穗肥钾均可提高穗实粒数、结实率,进而提高产量,P1处理使S0、S1和S2条件下产量分别增加13.60%、9.76%和6.55%,S1和S2处理使产量分别提高3.70%和2.47%,以S1P1处理产量最高。与P0处理相比,S0和S1条件下,P1处理稻米的整精米率分别显著提高2.21%和1.82%,垩白粒率显著降低55.88%和50.01%,垩白度显著降低49.98%和50.00%,总蛋白质含量显著降低8.77%和12.08%;与S0处理相比,S1和S2处理稻米的垩白粒率分别显著降低11.23%和30.61%,S1处理稻米的总蛋白质含量显著降低4.15%;总体以S1P1处理效果最好。综合来看,喷施叶面肥、施用穗肥钾可以改善叶片光合作用,提高地上部干物质的积累、转运,提高产量和品质,以S1P1处理效果最好。In order to provide scientific basis for rice green high⁃yield and high⁃quality cultivation under crayfish⁃rice integrated system,the effects of panicle potassium fertilizer rates[0 kg/ha(S0),45kg/ha(S1),90 kg/ha(S2)]and foliar fertilizer[no foliar fertilizer(P0)and spraying foliar fertilizer(P1)]on physiological characteristics,yield and quality of rice were investigated under crayfish⁃rice integrated system.The results showed that spraying foliar fertilizer and applying panicle potassium fertilizer increased the SPAD value,superoxide dismutase(SOD)activity,ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase(RuBisCO)activity,peroxidase(POD)activity,soluble sugar content,aboveground dry matter accumulation,dry matter transport amount and transport rate of stem and leaf and their contribution rates to grain,and decreased the content of malondialdehyde(MDA),overall,S1P1 was the best treatment.Spraying foliar fertilizer and applying panicle potassium fertilizer could increase filled grain number per panicle and setting rate,thus increasing yield.P1 treatment could increase yield by 13.60%,9.76%and 6.55%under S0,S1 and S2 conditions,respectively;S1 and S2 treatments could increase yield by 3.70%and 2.47%,respectively,and S1P1 treatment had the highest yield.Compared with P0 treatment,the whole polished rice rate of P1 treatment significantly increased by 2.21%and 1.82%under S0 and S1 conditions,chalky grain rate significantly decreased by 55.88%and 50.01%,chalkiness degree significantly decreased by 49.98%and 50.00%,and total protein content significantly decreased by 8.77%and 12.08%,respectively.Compared with S0 treatment,chalky grain rate of S1 and S2 treatments significantly decreased by 11.23%and 30.61%,respectively,and total protein content of S1 treatment significantly decreased by 4.15%.Overall,S1P1 had the best effect.In summary,the application of foliar fertilizer and panicle potassium fertilizer can improve leaf photosynthesis,increase the accumulation and transport of aboveground dry matter,and improve yie

关 键 词：水稻 叶面肥 穗钾肥用量 产量 生理特性 品质 稻虾共作 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学]