园林废弃物木质纤维素高效降解真菌的筛选与鉴定  

Screening and Identification of Efficient Degradation Fungi for Garden Waste Lignocellulose

作　　者：黄秋月 何建清 刘海鑫 聂子芳 徐东 潘长漭 HUANG Qiuyue;HE Jianqing;LIU Haixin;NIE Zifang;XU Dong;PAN Changmang(Plant Science College,Tibet Agricultural&Animal Husbandry University,Nyingchi 860000,China)

机构地区：[1]西藏农牧学院植物科学学院,西藏林芝860000

出　　处：《河南农业科学》2024年第5期101-111,共11页Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：西藏自治区重点科技项目(XZ202001ZY0019N);西藏农牧学院研究生创新计划项目(YJS2023-42)。

摘　　要：为筛选园林废弃物木质纤维素高效降解真菌菌株,利用PDA培养基分离腐殖土、牛粪、马粪、枯枝落叶、堆肥、秸秆等环境中的真菌,利用苯胺蓝筛选培养基、滤纸无机盐培养基定性筛选具有木质纤维素降解能力的真菌菌株,并定量测定其木质纤维素降解酶活性及其对园林废弃物的降解率,进而筛选出高效降解园林废弃物木质纤维素的优良真菌菌株。结果表明,共分离出109株真菌。其中,具有木质素降解能力的真菌有32株,占供试菌株的29.36%;具有纤维素降解能力的真菌有40株,占供试菌株的36.70%。上述菌株中,BF31-32、BF32-93、T2-55、T1-16、T1-24均可高效降解园林废弃物木质纤维素,其园林废弃物降解率分别为50.30%、45.94%、44.49%、44.68%、46.81%。结合真菌的木质纤维素降解酶活性、形态学特征及分子鉴定结果,将菌株BF31-32鉴定为短密青霉菌(Penicillium brevicompactum)、菌株BF32-93鉴定为烟曲霉(Aspergillus fumigatus)、菌株T1-16和菌株T1-24鉴定为木贼镰孢菌(Fusarium equiseti)、菌株T2-55鉴定为淡紫拟青霉(Paecilomyces lilacinus)。In order to screen fungal strains for efficient degradation of lignocellulose in garden waste,PDA medium was used to separate fungi from humus,cow manure,horse manure,dead branches and leaves,compost,straw and other environments and aniline blue medium and filter paper inorganic salt medium were used to qualitatively screen fungal strains with lignocellulosic degrading ability.The activity of lignocellulosic degrading enzymes and their degradation rate on garden waste were quantitatively measured,and excellent fungal strains for efficient degradation of lignocellulose in garden waste were screened.The results showed that a total of 109 strains of fungi were isolated.Among them,there were 32 fungi with lignin degradation ability,accounting for 29.36%of the tested strains;There were 40 fungi with cellulose degradation ability,accounting for 36.70%of the tested strains.Among the above strains,BF31⁃32,BF32⁃93,T2⁃55,T1⁃16,and T1⁃24 could efficiently degrade lignocellulose from garden waste,with degradation rates of 50.30%,45.94%,44.49%,44.68%,and 46.81%,respectively.Based on the lignocellulosic degrading enzyme activity,morphological characteristics,and molecular identification results of fungi,strain BF31⁃32 was identified as Penicillium brevicompactum,strain BF32⁃93 as Aspergillus fumigatus,strains T1⁃16 and T1⁃24 as Fusarium equiseti,and strain T2⁃55 as Paecilomyces lilacinus.

关 键 词：园林废弃物 木质素 纤维素 酶活性 生物降解真菌 

分 类 号：S718.81[农业科学—林学]