基因敲除技术在微生物代谢途径改造中的研究进展  

Research Progress of Gene Knockout Technology in Modification of Microbial Metabolic Pathway

作　　者：张斯童 石佳[1,2] 王刚 田春杰[3] 陈光[1,2] ZHANG Sitong;SHI Jia;WANG Gang;TIAN Chunjie;CHEN Guang(Key Laboratory of Straw Comprehensive Utilization and Black Soil Conservation,Ministry of Education,Changchun 130118,China;College of Life Sciences,Jilin Agricultural University,Changchun 130118,China;Key Laboratory of Mollisols Agroecology,Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Changchun 130102,China)

机构地区：[1]秸秆综合利用与黑土地保护教育部重点实验室,长春130118 [2]吉林农业大学生命科学学院,长春130118 [3]中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所黑土区农业生态重点实验室,长春130102

出　　处：《吉林农业大学学报》2024年第2期175-186,共12页Journal of Jilin Agricultural University

基　　金：中国科学院战略先导科技项目(XDA28020400);吉林省科技发展计划重点项目(20210203117);吉林省自然科学基金项目(20220101334JC)。

摘　　要：微生物是生产多种高附加值天然产物的优良宿主,基因敲除技术有效地阻断或弱化了微生物的旁路代谢途径,使代谢通量集中流向目的产物。基因敲除技术在微生物中的应用带动了微生物代谢工程研究的不断深入,为微生物工业发酵及合成生物学的发展开辟了新道路。综述了常见的几种微生物基因敲除策略,总结了近年基因敲除技术在微生物代谢途径改造中的应用情况,并对基因敲除技术在微生物代谢途径改造中的应用前景进行了展望,以期为基因敲除技术的发展和微生物代谢工程的研究提供理论参考。Microorganisms are excellent hosts for the production of a variety of high value-added natural products.Gene knockout technology can effectively block or weaken the bypass metabolic pathway of microorganisms,so that the metabolic flux can concentrate on target products.The application of gene knockout technology in microorganisms has promoted the research of microbial metabolic engineering and opened up a new way for the development of microbial industrial fermentation and synthetic biology.This paper has mainly reviewed several common microbial gene knockout strategies and summarized the application of gene knockout technology in microbial metabolic pathway modification in recent years.The application prospect of gene knockout technology in the transformation of microbial metabolic pathway has been analyzed in order to provide some theoretical reference for the development of gene knockout technology and the research of microbial metabolic engineering.

关 键 词：基因敲除技术 代谢工程 合成生物学 底盘微生物 

分 类 号：S182[农业科学—农业基础科学] Q78[生物学—分子生物学]