灌溉方式对施肥时期田面水氮磷浓度及水稻生育性状影响  

Effects of Irrigation Modes on Nitrogen and Phosphorus Concentrations of Field Ponding Water and Rice Growth Traits During Fertilization

作　　者：牛世伟[1] 徐嘉翼 隋世江[1] 张鑫[1] 叶鑫[1] 王娜[1] NIU Shiwei;XU Jiayi;SUI Shijiang;ZHANG Xin;YE Xin;WANG Na(Institute of Plant Nutrition and Environmental Resources,Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Shenyang 110161,China)

机构地区：[1]辽宁省农业科学院植物营养与环境资源研究所,沈阳110161

出　　处：《吉林农业大学学报》2024年第2期197-204,共8页Journal of Jilin Agricultural University

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFD0800504);辽宁省科技重大专项(2019020171-JH1/103-01-03)。

摘　　要：为探寻辽河三角洲地区稻田排水的利用方式,揭示稻田排水循环灌溉容易引起面源污染风险。通过定位定期监测灌排沟渠水体氮磷浓度变化,研究灌溉模式对施肥时期田面水氮磷浓度与水稻生育性状的影响。结果表明:灌水沟和排水渠水体总氮(TN)浓度于第2次达峰值(4.49 mg/L和15.61 mg/L)后下降,这与基肥泡田时期相吻合,排水渠TN和总磷(TP)浓度高于灌水沟,关键施肥时期应控制稻田水外排,以减少排水渠水体氮磷浓度。在基肥和追肥灌溉时期,施肥各处理田面水TN浓度在3 d达到峰值后下降,10 d趋于稳定,循环灌溉比常规灌溉高0.65~2.42 mg/L,田面水TN浓度与氮肥用量呈正相关,排水循环灌溉后1 d的TN浓度均高于常规灌溉,在3 d后差异不显著,排水循环灌溉与常规灌溉TP浓度差异不显著,排水循环灌溉增加了氮磷流失风险,3 d内应避免田面水外排,基肥后10 d内也是氮磷流失风险期。排水循环灌溉结合氮肥减施22%可促进水稻有效分蘖并提高产量,合理利用排水循环灌溉可应用于水稻生产和减少氮磷流失风险。In order to explore the drainage utilization in the paddy field of Liaohe Delta region and reveal whether irrigation-drainage recycle has the risk of causing non-point source pollution,we monitored N and P concentrations of ditch water and determined the effects of irrigation modes on N and P concentrations of field ponding water and rice growth traits during fertilization.The results showed that TN concentrations reached the peak values of 4.49 mg/L and 15.61 mg/L in the irrigation ditch water and the drainage channel water at the time of the second monitoring,followed by a decrease,which was in accordance with that in the period of basal fertilizer soaking.The concentrations of TN and TP in the drainage channel water were higher than those in the irrigation ditch water.During the critical fertilization period,the drainage of field ponding water should be controlled for the reduction of N and P concentrations in the drainage channel water.TN concentrations of field ponding water peaked on the 3rd and then stabilized 10 days after both basal fertilizer and topdressing,with 0.65-2.42 mg/L higher in the irrigation-drainage recycle treatment than the conventional irrigation.There was a positive correlation between TN concentrations of field ponding water and N fertilizer application.TN concentrations 1 day after irrigation were higher in the irrigation-drainage recycle treatment than the conventional one,whereas 3 days after irrigation there was no significant difference between these two treatments.Likewise,no significant difference for TP concentrations existed between these two treatments.Irrigation-drainage recycle increased the risk of N and P loss,indicating that we should control the drainage from paddy field within 3 days.Within 10 days after basal fertilization,there was also a risk period for nitrogen and phosphorus loss.Irrigation-drainage recycle combined with a 22%reduction in N fertilizer can promote effective tillering and increase rice yield.Reasonable utilization of irrigation-drainage recycle can b

关 键 词：灌溉方式 田面水 氮磷流失 水稻 生育性状 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学]