考虑时空协同优先的城市应急车辆路径优化方法  

Dynamic Optimization on Urban Emergency Vehicle Route Considering Collaborative Spatio-temporal Prioritization

作　　者：郝正博 杨晓光[1] 王一喆 高乃航 苏岳龙 HAO Zheng-bo;YANG Xiao-guang;WANG Yi-zhe;GAO Nai-hang;SU Yue-long(Key Laboratory of Road and Traffic Engineering of Ministry of Education,Tongji University,Shanghai 201804,China;Shanghai Fire and Rescue,Shanghai 200051,China;AutoNavi Co.,Ltd.,Beijing 102299,China)

机构地区：[1]同济大学道路与交通工程教育部重点实验室,上海201804 [2]上海市消防救援总队,上海200051 [3]高德软件有限公司,北京102299

出　　处：《公路交通科技》2024年第3期169-178,198,共11页Journal of Highway and Transportation Research and Development

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(52072264)。

摘　　要：目前城市应急救援车辆救援效能提升面临交通拥堵、交叉口延误、突发事故等诸多挑战。传统路径算法忽略了实际救援工作需求和路径选择偏好特征,无法很好满足快速高效、安全可靠的救援需求。针对这一问题,立足应急车辆与社会车辆在优先通行政策、车辆特性、优化目标、路径选择偏好等多特征差异,提出一种考虑时空协同优先的两阶段应急车辆救援路径动态优化方法。第1阶段,将用于求解静态K最短路径的Yen算法与城市路网时空动态性、高度随机性及不确定性等特征结合,增加基于层次聚类算法的路径安全风险约束与基于偏斜度指数等综合评价指标的可靠性约束,构建带有安全可靠性约束的动态K最短路径精确算法。第2阶段,结合车道数量、路段限速、路段长度等静态属性特征与拥堵延迟指数、路段平均车速等动态属性特征,求解在时空协同优先条件下的最佳救援路径。结果表明:与历史救援轨迹相比,考虑时空协同优先的两阶段城市应急车辆路径优化方法能够有效缩短城市应急车辆的救援响应时间,并提高应急车辆救援安全性与可靠性。因此,本方法面向实际救援工作,具有较好的应用前景。The performance of emergency vehicle rescue is one of the most important indicators of urban emergency management capability.At present,the rescue performance of emergency vehicles in urban area is facing many challenges such as traffic congestion,delay at intersections and sudden accidents.The traditional route algorithm cannot meet emergency vehicles’rapid,efficient,safe and reliable rescue demands due to the ignorance of the actual rescue demands of emergency vehicles and route selection preferences.In order to address this problem,a two-phase urban emergency vehicle rescue route dynamic optimization method is proposed considering collaborative spatio-temporal prioritization based on the emergency vehicles and social vehicles in the priority access policy,vehicle characteristics,optimization goals,route selection preferences and other aspects of the differences.In the first stage,Yen’s algorithm,which is used for solving the static K-shortest pass,is combined with the spatio-temporal dynamics,high stochasticity and uncertainty characteristics of the urban road network.A dynamic K-shortest path accurate algorithm with safety and reliability constraints is constructed.In this stage,safety constraint conditions are developed based on the hierarchical clustering algrithm,and the reliability constraints are developed based on the skewness indicator and other comprehensive evaluation indicators.In the second stage,based on the static attribute features such as the number of lanes,the speed limit of the road links,and the length of the road links and the dynamic attribute features such as the congestion delay index and the average speed of the road links,the optimal rescue route considering the collaborative spatio-temporal prioritization is obtained.The result shows that compared with the historical rescue trajectory,the proposed two-phase urban emergency vehicle rescue route dynamic optimization method can shorten the response time of urban emergency vehicles effectively and improve the safety and reliability,t

关 键 词：城市交通 路径动态优化 时空协同优先 应急车辆 安全风险 可靠性 

分 类 号：U121[交通运输工程]