吴其濬《植物名实图考》所载域外传入植物研究  

Research on Imported Plants in Wu Qijun's On the Plants and Their Names and Graphs

作　　者：王星光[1] 王智乾 WANG Xingguang;WANG Zhiqian(School of History,Zhengzhou University,Zhengzhou 450001)

机构地区：[1]郑州大学历史学院,河南郑州450001

出　　处：《中国农史》2024年第2期3-21,共19页Agricultural History of China

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重点项目“环境史视野下的黄河中下游地区传统农业精耕细作体系研究”(20AZS015)。

摘　　要：吴其濬《植物名实图考》作为我国古代最为重要的植物学著作之一,记载植物共十二类,1714种,包含域外传入的植物91种,其中《植物名实图考》指出的域外传入植物13种,《植物名实图考长编》指出的域外传入植物12种,《植物名实图考》记载但未指出域外传入身份的植物66种。91种域外传入植物原产自世界各地区,传入时间跨越史前到清代数千年之久。这些植物的传入时间和最初传入地点,反映出古代中国域外植物的传入高峰期分布在两汉、隋唐五代和明清时期,最初传入地区经历了一个由中国中西部地区向东南地区的变迁过程。从《植物名实图考》记载的91种域外植物可以看出其超越前代植物学著作的特殊价值,无论是因吴其濬本身特殊经历而赋予《植物名实图考》内容上的融汇各家、全面广博,还是该书以植物为依托,充满人文关怀与开放包容的理性认识,抑或是《植物名实图考》中图谱之精致、质量之上乘,都使其价值超越前代植物学著作,也为研究中国古代外来植物提供了值得参考的资料和数据。因受时代条件的局限,吴其濬对域外传入植物的记载也存在一些舛误,但这并不能影响《植物名实图考》作为我国古代植物典籍集大成者的地位。As one of the most important botanical works in ancient China,On the Plants and Their Names and Graphs of Wu Qijun recorded a total of 1714 species of plants in 12 categories,including 91 introduced plants,in which 13 of them were pointed out in On the Plants and Their Names and Graphs and 12 in Long Compilation On the Plants and Their Names and Graphs.Besides,66 of them were pointed out in On the Plants and Their Names and Graphs without indicating their introduction identity.All of them originated from different regions of the world with their introduction time spanning thousands of years from prehistory to the Qing Dynasty.The introduction time and initial area of these plants reflect that the peak of the introduction of foreign plants in ancient China was in the Han Periods,the Sui,Tang,the Five Dynasties and the Ming and Qing Dynasties,and the initial introduction area also experienced the change from the central and western regions of China to the southeast region.From the 91 species of foreign plants recorded in the On the Plants and Their Names and Graphs,it can be seen that its special value surpasses the botanical works of the previous generation,whether it was because of Wu Qijun's own special experience and the content of the On the Plants and Their Names and Graphs was integrated and comprehensive,or the rational un-derstanding of the book based on plants,full of humanistic care and openness,or the exquisite and high-quality atlas in the On the Plants and Their Names and Graphs,all of which make its value far exceed that of the previous botanical works,and also provide valuable information and data for the study of exotic plants in ancient China.Due to the limitations of the times,there are also some errors in Wu Qijun's record of the imported plants from abroad,but they cannot affect the extraordinary position of On the Plants and Their Names and Graphs as a collection of ancient plant books in China.

关 键 词：吴其濬 《植物名实图考》 域外传入植物 

分 类 号：S-09[农业科学] K207[历史地理—历史学]