明中叶的社会转型与地域空间结构重塑:以徽州屯溪地区为例  

The Social Transformation and the Reshaping of Regional Spatial Structure:Taking the Villages Distribution Changes in Huizhou-Tunxi Area in the Middle of Ming Dynasty as an Example

作　　者：王开队 卢东 WANG Kaidui;LU Dong(Center for Hui studies,Anhui University,Hefei 230039;College of Historical Culture and Tourism,Huaibei Normal University,Huaibei 235065)

机构地区：[1]安徽大学徽学研究中心,安徽合肥230039 [2]淮北师范大学历史文化旅游学院,安徽淮北235065

出　　处：《中国农史》2024年第2期109-119,共11页Agricultural History of China

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目“明清徽州乡村聚落的时空演变及其形成机制研究”(20BZS122);教育部人文社科重点研究基地重大项目“唐宋以来徽州宗族、乡村聚落、宗教信仰的历史地理形成及其演变研究”(22JJD770003);安徽高校协同创新项目“徽州宗族历史地理研究”(GXXT-2020-028);安徽省教育厅人文社科重点研究项目“明代新安江流域人地关系变迁与乡村聚落的时空演变”(2022AH050357)。

摘　　要：随着明中叶社会转型契机的出现,江南等地商品经济日趋活跃,人地关系亦日渐紧张,这影响到其土地利用与区域开发模式等,诸如徽州等一些地区的地域空间结构由此开始发生转变。这一时期,休歙盆地以屯溪为中心的数十个村落逐渐形成同一市场圈,其区域系统性不断得以加强。通过对相关文献进行时空计量统计不难发现,经过长时期的变迁,明中叶屯溪一带村落呈现出村落片区密于河谷、疏于山丘的分布形态,其发展具有鲜明的时空层次性;至嘉、万之际,大量山丘地带的村落开始入志,表明其村落地域空间结构得以重塑。这一结果既是屯溪地区自身自然与人文环境双重作用的体现,同时,也是外部商品经济发展带来的社会转型这一大环境作用于区域社会小环境的具体体现。With the emergence of social transformation opportunities in the mid-Ming Dynasty,the commodity economy in JiangNan and other places had become increasingly active,and the relationship between man and land was also becoming increasingly tense,which had affected its land use and regional development models,consequently,the spatial structure of some areas such as Huizhou had begun to change.During this period,the regional system of dozens of villages centered on Tunxi had been strengthened because they gradually formed the unified market circle in the XiuShe-Basin.By the temporal and spatial measurement statistics of relevant literature,we found that the Tunxi Villages in the mid-Ming Dynasty showed a differentiated distribution pattern of villages that densely located in river valleys and sparsely located in hills after a long period of change,and the development process had distinct temporal and spatial hierarchies.During the reign of Emperor Jiajing and Emperor Wanli,a large number of villages in the Tunxi hilly areas began to be recorded in the local chronicles.It shows that the spatial structure of the villages had been reshaped.This result is a manifestation of the dual role of natural and human environment,simultaneously,it is also a concrete manifestation of the social transformation brought about by the development of external commodity economy on the small environment of regional society.

关 键 词：社会转型 地域空间结构 徽州屯溪 村落 人地关系 

分 类 号：S-09[农业科学] K207[历史地理—历史学]