从“类相关”原则再论中古蒸韵系性质及其方言性  

On Middle Chinese zheng(蒸)rhyme and its variantion between dialects from the perspective of“inter-categorial correlation”principle

作　　者：许树妙 XU Shumiao

机构地区：[1]中山大学中国语言文学系(珠海),珠海

出　　处：《中国语文》2024年第3期287-300,383,共15页Studies of the Chinese Language

基　　金：国家社科基金青年项目“接触视角下中古韵系层次与变异研究”(22CYY028)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：关于中古蒸韵系的性质问题,争论由来已久。平山久雄依据“类相关”原则首次揭示《切韵》蒸韵系内部具有两类韵母,分别表现为B类韵与C类韵的反切特点,提出“复合韵说”。本文以此为起点,通过之、蒸、职部的上-中古演变平行性推论、上古特殊通假用例、中古重纽反切结构特点检验“复合韵说”,进一步解释蒸韵系两类韵母的来源及其声韵配合格局的形成。通过引入中古-r-介音,依据梵汉对音、日语吴音、押韵等材料将蒸韵系构拟为(r)in/k。蒸韵系为单纯的B类韵表现实际上来自中古南方方言,原本《玉篇》切语的“类相关”表现、日语吴音的南音层、闽语的南朝层读音均予以支持。《切韵》蒸韵系的性质与音值主要依据北方标准。The nature of zheng(蒸)rhyme in Middle Chinese has long been a subject of debate.Based on the"intercategorial correlation"principle,Hiroyama Hisao reveals that there exist two types of rhymes in the MC zheng rhyme described in Qieyun.They present the characteristics of type B and type C of MC third division rhymes respectively.This paper supports Hiroyama's hypothesis based on the diachronic parallel between zhi(之),zheng and zhi(职)rhymes,the unconventional phonological borrowing in Old Chinese,and the features of Chongniu(重纽)in fanqie(反切)and further explains the source of these two types of rhymes as well as the formation of their intial-final structure.Based on evidences from Chinese transcriptions of Sanskrit,pronunciation of Japanese Kanji and other materials,the zheng rhyme in Qieyun can be reconstructed as(r)ian/k.Its characteristic as type B of MC third division rhymes actually came from MC southern dialects.This is supported by the correlation between categories in Yupian,the southern stratum of Japanese Kanji and the colloquial layer of Min dialects.However,the features of zheng rhyme in Qieyun mainly reflect its sound in northern dialects.

关 键 词：蒸韵系 类相关 -r-介音 方言差异 

分 类 号：H17[语言文字—汉语]