重叠构词和语音讹变引起的汉语常用词演变——以古汉语蜻蜓称名为例  

Diachronic change of Chinese common words caused by word reduplication and sound change:Acase study of the names of dragonfly in Classical Chinese

作　　者：赵庸 ZHAO Yong

机构地区：[1]华东师范大学中国语言文学系,上海

出　　处：《中国语文》2024年第3期355-367,384,共14页Studies of the Chinese Language

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学研究规划基金项目“三百五十年来杭州话的音系演变和语音变异研究”(22YJA740041)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：古汉语蜻蜓的称名出现过“蜻”“蜻”“蜘”“蜻蜓”四词,后三词的产生和语音、语法有关。“蜻”最早出现,后分别通过顺向重叠构词和裂变重叠构词生成“蜻”“螂”。“蜻蜓”或者来源于“蜻”的语音讹变,或者生成于“蜻”的顺向重叠。四词的历时演变及替换关系可以和现代汉语方言词及其分布情况相互印证。Semantic change is not the only source of the evolution of Chinese common words.In Classical Chinese,there used to be four words which could express the meaning of"dragonfly":qing(蜻),qingling(蜻),jiling(蜘)and qingting(蜻蜓).Qing was the earliest name of"dragonfly",which then generated qingling and jiling through word reduplication and fission reduplication respectively.The word qingting either came from the mispronunciation of qingling or the progressive reduplication of qing.The diachronic evolution and substitution between these four words could be verified by their counterparts in modern Chinese dialects and their geographic distribution.

关 键 词：蜻蜓 常用词 历时演变 重叠构词 语音变 方言词 

分 类 号：H146[语言文字—汉语]