2017—2021年北京市狂犬病暴露人群流行病学特征分析  

Epidemiological characteristics of population exposed to rabies in Beijing,2017-2021

作　　者：周涛[1] 李晓梅[1] 潘静彬[1] 卢莉[1] 赵丹[1] 虞睿[1] 刘维祥[1] 李子昂 Zhou Tao;Li Xiaomei;Pan Jingbin;Lu Li;Zhao Dan;Yu Rui;Liu Weixiang;Li Zi'ang(Institute for Immunization and Prevention,Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control,Beijing 100013,China)

机构地区：[1]北京市疾病预防控制中心免疫所,100013

出　　处：《国际病毒学杂志》2024年第2期150-155,共6页International Journal of Virology

摘　　要：目的分析北京市狂犬病暴露人群流行病学特征,指导北京市狂犬病暴露预防处置及狂犬病防控工作。方法收集2017—2021年北京市狂犬病预防处置门诊就诊患者的暴露级别、致伤部位、伤人动物等致伤信息,狂犬病疫苗接种、狂犬病被动免疫制剂注射等处置情况,采用描述性流行病学方法分析北京市狂犬病暴露人群特点。结果2017—2021年北京市狂犬病暴露年均就诊257082人次,狂犬病暴露年均就诊人次数占全人群的比例为11.84‰;狂犬病暴露就诊高峰期为每年的5—9月;朝阳区、海淀区和通州区就诊人次较多,占全市的41.63%。暴露人群中15~29岁年龄组占比最多,达31.34%,14岁及以下儿童占比为17.40%;学生占比16.58%。致伤部位以手部及四肢为主,达91.63%;暴露级别中Ⅲ级伤占比为37.29%,Ⅲ级伤首次暴露者被动免疫制剂使用比例为52.05%,各区Ⅲ级伤判定比例及被动免疫制剂使用率差异较大;伤人动物以犬只和猫为主,达96.64%;一犬伤多人事件报告起数下降,一犬伤多人中流浪犬占比达73.08%,Ⅲ级伤占比达72.87%,儿童多部位或头面部暴露达31.43%。结论北京市近年狂犬病暴露就诊人次数呈上升趋势,但各区暴露级别判定比例等存在差异,暴露预防处置工作需进一步规范化;需针对重点区域及重点人群开展广泛宣传,增强其暴露后就诊意识。一犬伤多人事件以流浪犬为主,且Ⅲ级伤占比高,但事件起数明显下降,提示北京市犬只管理工作存在有效提升。Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of the population with rabies exposure in Beijing so as to provide a scientific basis for the prevention and management of rabies exposure and for the prevention and control of rabies.Methods The information of injury,including exposure level,injury site and species of attacking animals,and information of management,including rabies vaccine inoculation and passive immunization agent against rabies,were collected from the patients in rabies prevention and management clinics in Beijing from 2017 to 2022.Descriptive epidemiological methods were used to analyze the characteristics of the population with rabies exposures.Results From 2017 to 2021,there were 257082 person-time of visits to the clinics in Beijing because of rabies exposure.The annual average number of visits because of rabies exposure accounted for 11.84‰of entire population.The peak time of the visits were from May to September every year.The proportion of visits in Chaoyang,Haidian and Tongzhou was high,accounting for 41.63%of the city.The proportion of 15-29 years old group was the highest,accounting for 31.34%.The children of 14 years old and younger accounted for 17.40%and the students accounted for 16.58%.The sites of injury were mainly hands and the four extremities,accounting for 91.63%.For the level of exposure,the category III exposure accounted for 37.29%.The rate of receiving passive immunization was 52.05%among people experiencing category III exposure for the first time.The assessment standards of category III injury and rate of using passive immunization varied significantly among districts.The attacking animals were mainly dogs and cats,accounting for 96.64%.The incidence of attacking multiple persons by one dog decreased.In such cases,stray dogs accounted for 73.08%and category III injuries accounted for 72.87%and injuries on multiple sites or on head/face of children accounted for 31.43%.Conclusions The number of visit to the clinics in Beijing because of rabies exposures showe

关 键 词：狂犬病 暴露 动物致伤 流行病学特征 

分 类 号：R512.99[医药卫生—内科学] R181.3[医药卫生—临床医学]