移动式人员辐射防护作业装备研制  

Development of a mobile personnel radiation protection equipment

作　　者：何远 庞洪超[1] 刘阳[1] 吴建华[1] 王俊霖 洪雅楠 陈旭标 王华林 石小雨 潘妙 王强[1] HE Yuan;PANG Hongchao;LIU Yang;WU Jianhua;WANG Junlin;HONG Yanan;CHEN Xubiao;WANG Hualin;SHI Xiaoyu;PAN Miao;WANG Qiang(China Institute of Atomic Energy,Beijing 102413 China)

机构地区：[1]中国原子能科学研究院核安全研究所,北京102413

出　　处：《中国辐射卫生》2024年第2期158-163,共6页Chinese Journal of Radiological Health

摘　　要：目的针对乏燃料后处理厂房等强辐射环境,设计一种移动式人员辐射防护作业装备,以实现γ、中子辐射及放射性气溶胶的同步防护,降低放射工作人员内、外照射剂量风险;同时该装备可满足作业2 h的需求。方法移动式人员辐射防护作业装备核心部分为屏蔽舱与呼吸维持系统,使用自动化底盘支撑屏蔽舱移动与升降;通过MCNP软件模拟计算屏蔽舱不同材料和厚度的防护效果,进行实验验证并完成屏蔽舱设计;建立舱体内各种气体含量随人员作业时间变化的数学模型,设计呼吸维持系统与有害气体吸收装置;设计自动化的移动底盘。结果使用厚度为80 mm聚乙烯加工屏蔽舱可实现80%的中子屏敝率;呼吸维持系统可保障工作人员在装备内2 h的工作时长;移动底盘使得单人可独立操作该设备。结论该款辐射防护装备可解决γ、中子辐射及放射性气溶胶防护难以同时实现的现状,能够为放射工作人员提供辐射安全保障、减少受照剂量、减轻人员负重;为乏燃料后处理厂等高放射性场所的设备运行和维护提供技术手段。Objective To design a mobile personnel radiation protection equipment for operation in environments with high radiation such as spent fuel reprocessing plants,to achieve simultaneous protection againstγradiation,neutron radiation,and radioactive aerosol,to reduce the internal and external exposure dose of radioactive workers,and to meet the requirement of operation for two hours.Methods The core parts of the mobile personnel radiation protection equipment included a shielding chamber and a respiratory maintenance system.An automated chassis was used for the movement and lifting of the shielding chamber.MCNP software was used to simulate and calculate the protective effects of shielding chamber made of different materials and material thicknesses.Experimental verification of the shielding chamber design was conducted.Mathematical models were established to describe the variations in the content of various gases in the chamber with personnel operation time.A respiratory maintenance system,a harmful gas absorption device,and an automated mobile chassis were designed.Results The shielding chamber made of polyethylene with a thickness of 80 mm achieved an 80%neutron shielding rate.The respiratory maintenance system could support workers for 2 hours of operation inside the equipment.The mobile chassis allowed operation of the equipment with one person.Conclusion This mobile personnel radiation protection equipment can solve the problem in simultaneous protection againstγradiation,neutron radiation,and radioactive aerosol.The equipment can provide radiation protection for radioactive workers,reduce exposure dose,and reduce personnel burden.This system provides technical means for the operation and maintenance of equipment in high-radiation sites such as spent fuel reprocessing plants.

关 键 词：放射工作人员 气溶胶 辐射防护 屏蔽计算 智能装备 

分 类 号：TL75[核科学技术—辐射防护及环境保护]