“十七年”戏曲剧本生产机制论  

Production Mechanism of Xiqu Script During the"Seventeen Years"Period

作　　者：黄静枫 Huang Jingfeng

机构地区：[1]上海戏剧学院戏剧文学系

出　　处：《戏剧（中央戏剧学院学报）》2024年第2期123-142,共20页Drama:The Journal of the Central Academy of Drama

基　　金：国家社科基金艺术学一般项目“中国戏曲史编纂研究(1912—2021)”(项目编号:22BB034);上海戏剧学院校级重点课题“上海戏曲口述文献整理与研究”的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：“十七年”时期戏曲剧本生产链条大致可以分成启动、执行、接受和反馈四个有序环节。上述四环节的工作方式以及它们之间的相互联系,是决定产品属性的内在机制。“戏改”政策则是此期戏曲剧本生产“场域”最重要的构成。此期戏曲剧本生产启动方式主要有两种:“媒介触动式”和“行政指令式”。在具体执行时,集体创作方式成为主导。1964年以前政权意志是以渗透的方式而不是以强行灌输的方式进入文本,戏曲剧本创作试图在政治与艺术之间追求权衡。剧作家主要通过五种途径完成“诗—政治”结合体的打造。批评标准单一化和批评动机的政治功利化,是此期剧本接受的重要特征。“评—改”环节在文本诞生过程中循环出现,延长了剧本成型的周期。批评者和剧作者进行有效的互动,他们联手不仅赋予文本的意识形态建设功能,还依据马克思文艺理论重塑文体。During the"seventeen years"period,the production of drama scripts generally went through four stages:initiation,execution,acceptance and feedback.The working mode of the four links and the interrelation constitute the internal mechanism that determines the attributes of the final product.The"Xiqu reform"policy stands as a crucial component of the"feld"of Xiqu script production during this period.There were two methods for initiating the production of drama scripts in this era:"media influence"and"administrative instruction",and in practical implementation,collective creation emerged as the dominant way.Before 1964,the regime's influence seeped into the text rather than being overtly imposed on it.Playwrights achieved the fusion of"poetry and politics"through five distinct methods.The simplicity of the criteria for criticism and the political utilitarianism of the motives behind criticism are notable characteristics of script acceptance during this period.The step of"evaluation and correction"emerged in the text's birth process,extending the script formation timeline.Critics and writers effectively interacted,bestowing upon the text not only the role of ideological construction but also a reshaping of its style in accordance with Marx's theory of literature and art.

关 键 词：“十七年” 戏曲剧本 生产机制 隐喻结构 集体创作 

分 类 号：J82[艺术—戏剧戏曲]